| 徐超然,王宏伟,董肖昌,焦慧君,关秋竹,魏树伟,冉昆.“十四五”期间我国梨育种的成就与展望[J].中国南方果树,2026,55(4): |
| “十四五”期间我国梨育种的成就与展望 |
| Achievements and Prospects of Pear Breeding in China during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period |
| 投稿时间：2026-07-31 修订日期：2026-08-24 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: “十四五” 梨 种质资源 品种选育 |
| 英文关键词:the 14th Five-Year Plan pear germplasm resources cultivar breeding |
| 基金项目:山东省农科院农业科技创新工程（CXGC2026B09）；国家梨产业技术体系泰安综合试验站（CARS-26-36） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| “十四五”(2021—2025年)时期,随着种业振兴行动方案深入实施,我国梨遗传育种领域取得阶段性重要进展,为梨产业高质量发展提供坚实支撑。国家级梨种质资源圃管护机制持续健全,种质资源保存与评价体系不断完善,系统挖掘鉴定出一批早熟、高糖、抗病、耐贮的优异种质,为种质创新与新品种选育奠定材料基础。育种目标进一步向优质、多抗、宜机化、多元化方向升级,自主选育新品种数量稳步增长,品种熟期结构持续优化；育种技术实现迭代升级,随着T2T完整基因组、泛基因组图谱成功组装,多组学联合基因挖掘、基因编辑等现代生物技术与常规育种深度融合,梨关键农艺性状遗传机理解析取得突破性进展。当前我国梨育种仍存在种质遗传基础狭窄、品种同质化严重、多优良性状聚合难度大、苗期精准鉴定体系不完善、砧木育种滞后及良种良法配套不足等瓶颈。本文系统梳理“十四五”我国梨种质资源评价、新品种选育、育种技术创新等方面的研究进展,深度剖析产业发展存在问题及挑战,从多维度性状协同改良、智能化分子设计育种、全产业链融合推广等方面提出发展策略,旨在为我国梨种质创新与产业转型升级提供参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, with the in-depth implementation of the Seed Industry Revitalization Action, China has achieved significant phased progress in pear genetic breeding, which strongly underpins the high-quality development of the pear industry. The conservation and management mechanisms of the National Pear Germplasm Repository have been continuously improved, and the systems for germplasm conservation and evaluation have been steadily refined. A series of elite germplasms featuring early maturity, high sugar content, disease resistance and storage tolerance have been systematically identified and characterized, laying a solid germplasm foundation for breeding innovation. Breeding objectives have been further upgraded toward high quality, multiple stress resistance, suitability for mechanized production, and diversification. The number of newly bred varieties has grown steadily, and the ripening period distribution has been continuously optimized. Breeding technologies have undergone iterative upgrading. With the successful assembly of telomere-to-telomere (T2T) complete genomes and pan-genome atlases, modern biotechnologies including multi-omics-integrated gene mining and gene editing have been deeply integrated with conventional breeding, yielding breakthrough advances in dissecting the genetic mechanisms underlying key agronomic traits of pear. However, several bottlenecks still exist in China’s pear breeding, such as the narrow genetic base of available germplasm, severe cultivar homogenization, major difficulties in pyramiding multiple desirable traits, immature precision identification systems at the seedling stage, lagging rootstock breeding, and inadequate integration of elite varieties and corresponding cultivation techniques. This paper systematically reviews the research progress in pear germplasm evaluation, new cultivar breeding and breeding technology innovation in China over the 14th Five-Year Plan period, thoroughly analyzes the problems and challenges confronting the development of the pear industry, and proposes development strategies covering collaborative improvement of multi-dimensional traits, intelligent molecular design breeding, and integrated promotion across the whole industrial chain. This paper can provide theoretical reference for pear germplasm innovation and industrial transformation and upgrading in China. |
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