| 刘天雷,从春蕾,姚茂元,丁祝辉,陈建新,张玉波.金刺梨访花节肢动物多样性调查[J].中国南方果树,2026,55(3): |
| 金刺梨访花节肢动物多样性调查 |
| Survey on Diversity of Flower-visiting Arthropods in Rosa sterilis |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-25 修订日期：2025-12-31 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 金刺梨 访花节肢动物 潜在传粉者 功能群 群落多样性 |
| 英文关键词:Rosa sterilis flower-visiting arthropods potential pollinators functional groups community diversity |
| 基金项目:)贵州省科学技术基金资助项目（黔科合基础[2017]1001），贵州省教育厅自然科学研究资助项目（黔教技 [2022] 052号）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确金刺梨花期访花节肢动物的多样性，以期为传粉昆虫资源的保护利用及花期害虫的绿色防控提供科学依据。于2020年金刺梨花期，采用样线踏查法结合定点样株观察法，依据访花行为及营养关系划分功能群，系统调查了访花节肢动物动态。共记录访花节肢动物104种，隶属于2纲11目43科。群落物种数与个体数均在盛花期达到峰值。群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H'）在花期内波动较小（2.38~2.55），但丰富度（dMa）、均匀度（J'）及优势度（λ）指数在不同花期差异显著，表明群落结构随花期呈现动态演替。功能群结构呈典型的不平衡性：食花昆虫（53种）在物种数和个体数（占总数57.7%）上均占绝对优势，以叶甲科（23.6%）和管蓟马科（10.9%）为主，是主要的防控对象；潜在传粉昆虫（33种，占31.3%）中，双翅目（22种）个体数占该功能群的69.5%，显著多于膜翅目（7种），是金刺梨主要的潜在传粉媒介；访花天敌（18种，占11.0%）数量最少，以捕食性的瓢虫科（幼虫为主）、蟹蛛科和花蝽科为主。金刺梨访花节肢动物群落物种丰富但结构不平衡，食花性害虫占绝对优势。生产中应重点加强花期叶甲及蓟马的防控，同时注重保护双翅目等潜在传粉昆虫及访花天敌资源。摘要 为明确金刺梨访花节肢动物群落结构与动态，为传粉昆虫保护与食花害虫防控提供依据。于2020年金刺梨花期，采用踏查结合样地调查法进行系统调查。结果表明，共记录访花节肢动物104种（44科19目），物种数与个体数均在盛花期达峰值。群落H'多样性指数（2.38-2.55）花期变化小，但丰富度（dMa）、均匀度（J'e）、优势度（λ）及群落相似性指数差异显著，反映群落结构随花期动态变化。功能群结构不平衡：食花昆虫（53种）在物种数和个体数（占总数57.7%）上均占绝对优势，以叶甲科（23.6%）、管蓟马科（10.9%）、毒蛾科（5.2%）为主，构成潜在危害；传粉昆虫（33种，占31.3%）中，双翅目（22种）个体数占传粉昆虫总数的69.5%，多于膜翅目（7种），是更主要的潜在传粉者；访花天敌（18种，占11.0%）数量最少，以瓢虫科（幼虫为主）、蟹蛛科、花蝽科为主。金刺梨访花节肢动物群落物种较丰富但结构失衡，食花昆虫占绝对主导地位。双翅目是比膜翅目更重要的传粉者类群。金刺梨生产需注重食花昆虫防控，同时加强对双翅目传粉者及访花天敌的保护利用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aimed to elucidate the community structure, diversity characteristics, and temporal dynamics of flower-visiting arthropods during the flowering period of Rosa sterilis, providing a scientific basis for the conservation of pollinator resources and the sustainable management of pests. A systematic survey was conducted during the 2020 flowering season using transect surveys combined with fixed-point observation. Arthropods were categorized into functional groups based on their visitation behavior and trophic relationships to analyze species composition, abundance, and dynamics.A total of 104 flower-visiting arthropod species were recorded, belonging to 43 families, 11 orders, and 2 classes. Both species richness and abundance peaked during the full bloom stage. While the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') remained relatively stable (2.38–2.55) throughout the flowering period, significant variations were observed in species richness (dMa), evenness (J'), and dominance (λ) across different phenological stages, indicating a dynamic succession in community structure. The functional group structure exhibited a distinct imbalance: florivores (53 species) were dominant in both species richness and abundance (57.7% of the total), primarily represented by Chrysomelidae (23.6%) and Phlaeothripidae (10.9%), identifying them as key targets for pest control. Among potential pollinators (33 species, 31.3% of the total), Diptera (22 species) comprised 69.5% of the individuals in this group, significantly outnumbering Hymenoptera (7 species), suggesting that dipterans are the primary potential pollinators of R. sterilis. Flower-visiting natural enemies (18 species, 11.0%) constituted the smallest group, dominated by predatory Coccinellidae (mainly larvae), Thomisidae, and Anthocoridae.In conclusion, the flower-visiting arthropod community in R. sterilis is species-rich but structurally imbalanced, with florivorous pests occupying a position of absolute dominance. Management strategies should focus on controlling Chrysomelidae and Thripidae during the flowering season while prioritizing the conservation of potential pollinators, particularly dipterans, and natural enemies. |
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