| 樊春丽.澳洲坚果干花病病原菌生物学特性及拮抗链霉菌与药剂筛选[J].中国南方果树,2026,55(1): |
| 澳洲坚果干花病病原菌生物学特性及拮抗链霉菌与药剂筛选 |
| Biological characteristics of the pathogen causing dry flower disease in Macadamia integrifolia, and screening of antagonistic streptomyces and fungicides |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-15 修订日期：2025-11-02 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 澳洲坚果 干花病 生物学特性 诺尔斯氏链霉菌 药剂筛选 |
| 英文关键词:Macadamia integrifolia Dry flower disease Biological characteristics Streptomyces noursei Fungicides screening |
| 基金项目:广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项（桂农科2025YP111，桂农科2024YP118，桂农科2022YM26）；广西农科院稳定资助科研团队项目（桂农科2021YT168）资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】明确澳洲坚果干花病病原菌腐生新拟盘多毛孢（Neopestalotiopsis saprophytica）的生物学特性，分离筛选具有良好拮抗效果的链霉菌，并筛选高效抑菌药剂，为病害防治提供理论依据。【方法】本试验在不同温度、pH、光照、碳源和氮源条件下对N. saprophytica进行培养，确定其生长的最适温度、pH、光照、碳源和氮源；从健康植株根际土壤中分离微生物，采用平板对峙法筛选拮抗链霉菌，通过形态学和分子生物学方法相结合鉴定菌种；采用生长速率法，选取8种杀菌剂进行室内药效试验以筛选出对N. saprophytica有强杀菌活性的防治药剂。【结果】N. saprophytica生长的最适温度为28°C，最适pH为5，光照能促进该病原菌生长，无碳对照菌落直径最大，其次为乳糖和淀粉，最适氮源为蛋白胨。从根际土壤中分离获得14株对N. saprophytica有抑制作用的菌株，其中菌株GHFX-17抑制效果最佳，被鉴定为诺尔斯氏链霉菌（Streptomyces noursei）。在供试的8种药剂中，450克/升咪鲜胺水乳剂和250克/升吡唑醚菌酯乳油对该菌有较强的抑制作用，EC50分别为0.05 mg·L-1和0.10 mg·L-1。【结论】本研究明确了澳洲坚果干花病病原菌N. saprophytica的生物学特性，获得高效拮抗链霉菌菌株及抑菌药剂，为该病害的生物防治和化学防治提供了科学参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objective] To clarify the biological characteristics of Neopestalotiopsis saprophytica, the pathogenic fungus causing macadamia integrifolia dry flower disease, isolate and screen streptomycetes with excellent antagonistic effects, and select highly effective bacteriostatic agents, so as to provide a theoretical basis for disease control. [Method] In this experiment, N. saprophytica was cultured under different conditions of temperature, pH, light, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources to determine its optimal temperature, pH, light, carbon source, and nitrogen source for growth. Microorganisms were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy plants, antagonistic Streptomyces were screened by the plate confrontation method, and the species were identified through the combination of morphological and molecular biological methods. The growth rate method was used to conduct indoor efficacy tests with 8 fungicides to screen out control agents with strong bactericidal activity against N. saprophytica. [Result] The optimal temperature for the growth of N. saprophytica is 28°C, and the optimal pH is 5. Light can promote the growth of this pathogenic fungus. The colony diameter in the carbon-free control group is the largest, followed by those in the lactose and starch groups, and the optimal nitrogen source is peptone. Fourteen strains with inhibitory effects on N. saprophytica were isolated from rhizosphere soil, among which strain GHFX-17 showed the best inhibitory effect and was identified as Streptomyces noursei. Among the eight tested fungicides, 450 g/L prochloraz emulsion in water and 250 g/L pyraclostrobin emulsifiable concentrate demonstrated significant inhibitory effects against N. saprophytica, with EC?? values of 0.05 mg·L?1 and 0.10 mg·L?1, respectively. [Conclusion] The biological characteristics of N. saprophytica have been clarified, and highly effective antagonistic streptomycete strains as well as bacteriostatic agents have been obtained, which provides a scientific reference for the biological and chemical control of this disease. |
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