| 郭素文,胡成志.中国果品贸易特征、国际竞争力与制约因素研究[J].中国南方果树,2026,55(1): |
| 中国果品贸易特征、国际竞争力与制约因素研究 |
| Research on the Characteristics, International Competitiveness, and Restrictive Factors of China’s Fruit Trade |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-04 修订日期：2025-09-01 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20250345 |
| 中文关键词: 果品 贸易特征 竞争力 国际比较 |
| 英文关键词:Fruit Trade characteristics Competitiveness International comparison |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 108 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 中国是世界上最大的果品生产和消费大国，剖析中国果品贸易竞争力及其制约因素对推动“十五五”期间果业高质量发展具有重要意义。本文在分析中国果品贸易特征的基础上，测度了2005—2023年中国与美国、西班牙、荷兰、泰国和智利这五个果品贸易大国的国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数和显示性比较优势指数，比较分析其果品国际竞争力，并对中国果品贸易竞争力的制约因素进行了深入分析。研究表明：2005—2023年我国果品贸易逆差持续扩大，但未来有望收窄；中国果品出口缺乏比较优势，国际市场占有率与美国和西班牙存在显著差距；生产成本上涨、供需结构性矛盾、贸易壁垒等因素增加了果品出口的不确定性。对此，应加强科技创新，提升果品出口竞争力；健全果品质量检验与认证体系，完善技术壁垒预警机制；积极开拓新兴市场，构建多元化果品贸易格局。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| China is the world’s largest producer and consumer of fruits. Analyzing the competitiveness of China’s fruit trade and its constraining factors is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of the fruit industry during the 15th Five Year Plan period. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of China’s fruit trade, this article measures the international market share, trade competitiveness index, and display comparative advantage index of China and five major fruit trading countries, namely the United States, Spain, the Netherlands, Thailand, and Chile, from 2005 to 2023. It compares and analyzes their international competitiveness in fruit trade, and conducts an in-depth analysis of the constraining factors of China’s fruit trade competitiveness. Research shows that China’s fruit trade deficit will continue to expand from 2005 to 2023, but is expected to narrow in the future; China’s fruit exports lack comparative advantages, and there is a significant gap in international market share compared to the United States and Spain; Factors such as rising production costs, structural contradictions between supply and demand, and trade barriers have increased the uncertainty of fruit exports. In this regard, we should strengthen technological innovation and enhance the competitiveness of fruit exports; Establish a sound fruit quality inspection and certification system, and improve the technical barrier warning mechanism; Actively exploring emerging markets and building a diversified fruit trade pattern. |
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