| 卢星谕,刘雅兰,杨霞,孙东宇,姜大龙,欧阳锈,刘明洁,杨芩.百香果花冠开闭动态特征与温度响应规律[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(6): |
| 百香果花冠开闭动态特征与温度响应规律 |
| Dynamic Characteristics of Corolla Opening-Closing and Temperature Response Patterns in Passion Fruit |
| 投稿时间：2025-07-06 修订日期：2025-09-11 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 百香果 品种 花冠开闭动态 温度 相关性 |
| 英文关键词:Passion fruit cultivar corolla opening-closing dynamics temperature correlation |
| 基金项目:凯里学院“十四五”学科专业平台团队一体化建设规划项目(YTH-XM2024018)；凯里学院博士专项(BS202104)；贵州省教育厅重点实验室项目(黔教技[2022]053号)；2022年农业硕士专业学位培育点专项课题(kysszx2022015, kysszx2022016)；贵州省高层次创新型人才培养项目(黔千层人才[2024]202205)共同资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】本研究旨在探究不同品种百香果的花冠开闭动态特征及其温度响应规律，为人工集中授粉时段的选择和花冠开闭调控措施的开发提供理论依据。【方法】以‘台农1号’、‘钦蜜9号’、‘大黄金’、‘黄金’和‘香蜜’5个品种的百香果为试材，将花冠开闭过程分为A-E（初绽、开放、盛开、始闭、闭合）五个状态，相邻状态转换时长定义为间隔期G1-G4，对各品种花冠开闭动态和间隔期差异进行分析。同时，对开花当天、开花前后三天、开花前一天的环境温度数据（包括日最高温、日最低温和日均温）与间隔期数据进行关联分析。【结果】研究显示五个百香果品种的花冠开闭动态呈现明显差异。‘台农1号’、‘钦蜜9号’、‘黄金’、‘大黄金’均表现出日间快速开放（0.5-1 h达盛放）和夜间缓慢闭合（>10 h）的特征，其中‘台农1号’历时最短（平均约13 h）且午前即达盛放状态，‘黄金’历时最长（平均约18 h）。‘香蜜’则呈现独特的均衡开花模式，各状态无重叠且当日完成。温度对各品种花冠开闭过程的影响各异，日最低温负调‘台农1号’花冠开闭时长；日最高温负调‘钦蜜9号’花冠闭合时长；‘黄金’花冠由开放至盛开过程受日最高温正调控，而闭合过程先后受日最高温和日最低温负调控；‘大黄金’花冠盛开至始闭过程受日均温和日最高温负调控；‘香蜜’花冠开闭时长受日最高温负调控。【结论】不同品种的花冠开闭过程具有明显的品种特异性，多数品种呈现“日间快速开放-夜间缓慢闭合”的时序特征，适当提高温度可促进花冠开闭过程的加速。‘台农1号’最佳授粉时段建议为10:30-12:30，‘钦蜜9号’、‘黄金’、‘大黄金’建议为14:00-16:00，‘香蜜’建议为08:00-10:00。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract 【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of corolla opening-closing and temperature response patterns in different passion fruit cultivars, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing artificial pollination schedules and developing corolla opening-closing regulation measures. 【Methods】Five passion fruit cultivars (‘Tainong No.1’, ‘Qinmi No.9’, ‘Huangjin’, ‘Dahuangjin’, and ‘Xiangmi’) were used as experimental materials. The corolla opening-closing process was divided into five states A-E (initial opening, opening, full bloom, initial closing, and complete closing), with the duration of transition between adjacent states were defined as the interval period G1-G4. The dynamic characteristics of corolla opening-closing and the differences in interval periods were analyzed. Additionally, environmental temperature data (including daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, and daily average temperature) on the day of flowering, three days before and after flowering, and one day before flowering were correlated with the interval data. 【Results】The study revealed varietal differences in corolla opening-closing dynamics. ‘Tainong No.1’, ‘Qinmi No.9’, ‘Huangjin’, ‘Dahuangjin’ exhibited rapid daytime opening (0.5-1 h to full bloom) and slow nighttime closing (>10 h). Among these, ‘Tainong No.1’ had the shortest duration (mean ~13 h) and reached full bloom before noon, while ‘Huangjin’ showed the longest duration (mean ~18 h). In contrast, ‘Xiangmi’ displayed a unique balanced pattern with non-overlapping stages and completed within a single day. Temperature effects varied by cultivars: the daily minimum temperature negatively regulated the duration of corolla opening-closing in ‘Tainong No.1’; the daily maximum temperature negatively regulated the duration of corolla closing in ‘Qinmi No.9’; the duration from opening to full bloom in ‘Huangjin’ was positively regulated by the daily maximum temperature, while the closing process was negatively regulated by both the daily maximum and minimum temperatures; the duration from full bloom to initial closing in ‘Dahuangjin’ was negatively regulated by the daily average temperature and daily maximum temperature; the duration of corolla opening-closing in ‘Xiangmi’ was negatively regulated by the daily maximum temperature. 【Conclusion】Passion fruit cultivars exhibit distinct corolla opening-closing patterns, with most following a "rapid daytime opening-slow nighttime closing" rhythm. Moderately elevated temperatures generally accelerate the process of corolla opening-closing. And the optimal pollination time was recommended to be 10:30-12:30 for ‘Tainong No.1’, 14:00-16:00 for ‘Qinmi No.9’, ‘Huangjin’ and ‘Da Huangjin’, and 08:00-10:00 for ‘Xiangmi’. |
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