| 范林洁,王立如,周书怡,郑乃榕,戴美松.早熟砂梨‘新玉’在慈溪的引种表现及轻简栽培技术[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(6): |
| 早熟砂梨‘新玉’在慈溪的引种表现及轻简栽培技术 |
| Performance of Early-maturing Sand Pear ""Xinyu"" Introduced in Cixi and Its Simplified Cultivation Techniques |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-26 修订日期：2025-08-04 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 慈溪 早熟砂梨 ‘新玉’ 轻简栽培 |
| 英文关键词:Cixi early-maturing sand pear xinyu simple cultivation |
| 基金项目:浙江省果品新品种选育重点研究计划项目（2021C02066-5）子课题：梨新品种试验示范与配套技术推广；慈溪市农业科技项目（CN202405）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】为优化慈溪地区梨品种结构，解决主栽品种‘翠冠’占比过高导致的采摘期集中、市场同质化竞争等问题，本研究于2016年从浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所引入早熟砂梨新品种‘新玉’，旨在评估其在慈溪地区的适应性表现并建立配套轻简栽培技术体系。【方法】试验在慈溪市周巷镇蜜梨精品园（121°8′4″ E、30°12′35″ N）进行，采用随机区组设计，以当地主栽品种‘翠冠’、‘翠玉’和‘黄花’为对照，系统观测了物候期、植物学特征、果实经济性状等指标，并研发了配套的轻简化栽培技术。【结果】‘新玉’梨在慈溪地区表现优异，其果实扁圆形，果形端正，平均单果重316g（最大605g），果皮黄褐色，果面光滑，果肉白色，肉质细嫩松脆，石细胞少，可溶性固形物含量达12.2%，品质上乘；成熟期早（7月中旬），较‘翠冠’早7天，较‘黄花’早近1个月；盛果期666.7m2产量1250kg左右，产值12600元，经济效益显著高于‘翠冠’（9800元）和‘黄花’（6240元）；树势中庸，成枝力较弱但连续结果能力强，对早期落叶病抗性优于主栽品种‘翠冠’。【结论】‘新玉’梨成熟期适宜、品质优良、经济效益高，配套的主干形树形、生草管理、水肥一体化等轻简栽培技术可显著降低生产成本，是优化慈溪梨产业品种结构的理想选择，适宜在慈溪及周边类似生态区推广种植。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract:【Objective】 To optimize the pear variety structure in Cixi and address issues such as concentrated harvesting periods and market homogenization caused by the excessive proportion of the dominant cultivar ""Cuiguan""， this study introduced the early-maturing sand pear cultivar ""Xinyu"" from the Horticulture Research Institute of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2016. The aim was to evaluate its adaptability in Cixi and establish a supporting simplified cultivation system. 【Methods】 The experiment was conducted in the High-Quality Pear Orchard of Zhouxiang Town，Cixi City (121°8′4″ E，30°12′35″ N).A randomized block design was adopted， with local main cultivars ""Cuiguan""， ""Cuiyu""，and ""Huanghua"" as controls. Phenological stages, botanical characteristics, and fruit economic traits were systematically observed, and supporting simplified cultivation techniques were developed.【Results】 ""Xinyu"" pear performed excellently in Cixi. Its fruit is oblate with a regular shape, averaging 316 g (maximum 605 g) in weight. The skin is yellowish-brown with a smooth surface, and the flesh is white, tender, crisp and low in stone cells. The soluble solid content reached 12.2%, indicating superior quality. It matures early (mid-July), 7 days earlier than ""Cuiguan"" and nearly a month earlier than ""Huanghua"". At full fruiting stage, the yield was approximately 1, 250 kg per 666.7 m2, with an output value of 12, 600 CNY, significantly higher than that of ""Cuiguan"" (9, 800 CNY) and ""Huanggua"" (6, 240 CNY). The tree exhibits moderate vigor, weaker branching ability but strong continuous fruiting capacity and better resistance to early defoliation disease compared to ""Cuiguan"".【Conclusion】 ""Xinyu"" pear is characterized by an appropriate maturity period, excellent quality and high economic benefits. Supporting simplified cultivation techniques such as central leader tree training, sod culture, and integrated water-fertilization management significantly reduce production costs. It is an ideal choice for optimizing the pear variety structure in Cixi and is suitable for promotion in Cixi and similar ecological regions. This study provides a new cultivar and technical support to alleviate the issue of single-variety dominance in the local pear industry. |
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