| 贾军平,刘小勇.静宁苹果园16年间养分变化特征分析与评价[J].中国南方果树,2026,55(3): |
| 静宁苹果园16年间养分变化特征分析与评价 |
| Analysis and Evaluation of Nutrient Changes in Jingning Apple Orchards over 16 Years |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-09 修订日期：2026-03-12 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20250269 |
| 中文关键词: 营养水平 精准施肥 标准化管理 动态变化 静宁苹果 |
| 英文关键词:Analysis of Nutrient Dynamics in Jingning Apple Orchards Based on 16-Year Monitoring Data |
| 基金项目:甘肃省技术创新引导计划项目（23CXNA0003）；静宁县苹果营养诊断及果园土壤质量提升技术研究与应用（JNJY2022ZC-068，JNJY2023ZC-132） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| [目的] 研究16年间静宁苹果园土壤及树体主要养分的变化趋势，揭示养分变化特征，为优化果园养分管理、实现苹果优质高效生产提供理论依据。[方法] 以静宁县苹果主产区为研究对象，通过长期监测土壤和树体营养水平，对比分析2007—2023年苹果园养分含量及变异特征，结合黄土高原富士苹果园土壤养分标准值进行评价。[结果]（1）土壤养分变化：土壤有机质、全磷、全钾、有效磷、速效钾、有效锌含量显著增加，pH值小幅上升，碱解氮、有效铜和铁含量降低；土壤呈现富钾、富钙特征；全钾、有效磷、速效钾、钙、镁含量均高于黄土高原土壤标准值，而碱解氮含量偏低；土壤有机质、全氮、全磷的变异系数增大，速效养分（除速效钾外）变幅减小，表明果园间土壤养分差异扩大。（2）树体养分变化：叶片氮、钾含量显著升高且超标准值，磷、钙含量稳定，但钙含量仍低于标准值，镁、铁、锌含量下降。叶片养分变异系数普遍降低，大量元素变异程度低于微量元素，反映树体营养管理趋于均衡。[结论] 16年来，静宁苹果园土壤养分管理差异化加剧，但通过增施有机肥和强化钙素管理，树体营养标准化程度提升。未来需重点关注碱解氮补充和钙素缺乏问题，以进一步优化养分管理策略。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objective] To study the 16-year trends of key soil and tree nutrients in Jingning apple orchards, revealing their variation patterns to support optimized nutrient management for high-quality apple production.. [Method] Using Jingning County's primary apple-producing regions as the study area, this research conducted long-term monitoring of soil and tree nutritional levels. A comparative analysis was performed on the nutrient content and variation characteristics in apple orchards from 2007 to 2023, with evaluation against the standard soil nutrient values for Fuji apple orchards in the Loess Plateau. [Results] Soil nutrient changes: Significant increases were observed in soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), and available zinc (Zn), along with a slight rise in pH. In contrast, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available copper (Cu), and available iron (Fe) decreased. The soils exhibited potassium- and calcium-rich characteristics, with TK, AP, AK, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) exceeding the standard values for Loess Plateau Fuji apple orchards, while AN remained below the threshold. The coefficients of variation (CV) for SOM, total nitrogen (TN), and TP increased, whereas the variability of available nutrients (except AK) decreased, indicating widening differences in soil nutrient status among orchards. Tree nutrient dynamics: Leaf nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) content increased significantly and exceeded standard values. Phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) levels remained stable, though Ca content stayed below the standard threshold. Magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) concentrations showed declining trends. The coefficient of variation for leaf nutrients decreased overall. Macronutrients exhibited lower variability than micronutrients. These patterns indicate progressively balanced nutritional management in apple trees. [Conclusion] Over the 16-year period, soil nutrient management in Jingning apple orchards showed increasing variability. However, enhanced organic fertilizer application and improved calcium management have elevated the standardization of tree nutritional status. Future efforts should prioritize addressing alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen supplementation and calcium deficiency to further optimize nutrient management strategies. |
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