| 李思敏,贺熙勇,杨丽萍,耿顺军,马静,王成.水氮互作对澳洲坚果光合生理效应和果实品质的研究[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(5): |
| 水氮互作对澳洲坚果光合生理效应和果实品质的研究 |
| Study on the Photosynthetic and Physiological Effects of Water Nitrogen Interaction on Australian Nuts and Fruit Quality |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-05 修订日期：2025-07-14 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 水氮互作 澳洲坚果 光合性状 品质 |
| 英文关键词:Water-nitrogen interaction Macadamia nuts photosynthetic traits quality |
| 基金项目:云南省科技厅农业基础研究项目（No. 202301BD070001-074）；云南省财政厅省所热带作物科技创新专项资金（RF2025-14）；云南省科技人才与平台计划（院士专家工作站）（202405AF140033）;兴滇英才支持计划（2022-0068）；创新引导与科技型企业培育计划项目（202404BP090014）资助 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨水氮（WN）耦合交互作用对澳洲坚果光合生理效应和果实品质的影响机制，提出科学的水氮施用调控策略，为实现肥水资源的高效利用及管理措施制定提供理论参考。【方法】选澳洲坚果品种‘HAES 344’为试材，设置6个水氮耦合模式，研究其对澳洲坚果生育期的光合特性和果实品质影响。【结果】水氮互作下，花期表现出叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和水分利用效率（WUE）随水分呈先增加后减小变化，蒸腾速率（Tr）呈递增或递减趋势；果实膨大期、果实油分积累期的Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr、WUE都呈现先增加后减少趋势。施氮处理后光合效应提升，花期Pn、Ci、Tr等光合指标在N和W水平均显著，果实膨大期和果实油分积累期灌溉方式W成为主要影响因子，干旱或重度水分胁迫均会显著降低Pn。适量灌溉和施氮条件下，脯氨酸、丙二醛、非结构性碳水化合物的含量降低，这能减缓膜过氧化程度并调节渗透压，缓解干旱胁迫对澳洲坚果叶片产生的损害。花期和果实膨大期丙二醛、非结构性碳水化合物在N和W水平均有显著差异，存在显著交互作用，同时在一定程度上提高了澳洲坚果果实的经济性状和品质。【结论】N1W1处理下，花期、果实膨大期和果实油分积累期光合生理效应最优，相较于其他处理表现出更强的抗环境胁迫能力，可促进澳洲坚果树体的生长和果实发育，增加产量，提高出仁率，提升澳洲坚果果实品质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】To explore the mechanism of water nitrogen coupling interaction on the photosynthetic physiological effects and quality of Macadamia nuts, propose scientifically reasonable water and nitrogen application regulation strategies, and provide theoretical basis for achieving efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resources and formulating management measures. 【Method】Selecting "HAES 344" Macadamia nuts as the test material, set 6 water -nitrogen coupling mode to study its impact on the photosynthetic traits and quality of Macadamia nuts. 【Result】Under the interaction of water and nitrogen, during the flowering period, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and water use efficiency (WUE) of leaves showed an initial increase followed by a decrease with water, while transpiration rate (Tr) showed an increasing or decreasing trend; The Pn, Gs, Ci, Tr, and WUE during the fruit swelling period and fruit oil accumulation period showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. After nitrogen treatment, the photosynthetic effect was improved, and photosynthetic indicators such as Pn, Ci, and Tr during the flowering period were significant at both the N and W levels. Irrigation method W was the main influencing factor during the fruit swelling and oil accumulation periods. Drought or severe water stress significantly reduced Pn. Under moderate irrigation and nitrogen application conditions, the content of proline, malondialdehyde, and non structural carbohydrates decreased, which could slow down membrane peroxidation and regulate osmotic pressure, alleviating the damage of drought stress to Australian nut leaves. There were significant differences in the levels of malondialdehyde and non structural carbohydrates at the N and W levels during the flowering and fruit enlargement periods, indicating a significant interaction effect. At the same time, it improved the economic traits and quality of Australian nut fruit to a certain extent.【Conclusion】Under the treatment of N1W1, the photosynthetic traits were optimal during the flowering period, fruit swelling period, and fruit oil conversion period. Compared with other treatments, it showed stronger resistance to environmental stress, promoted high-quality growth and fruit development of Australian nuts, increased kernel yield, and optimized the commercial value of Australian nuts. |
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