| 张林坤,韩健,龙新杰,赵和国,陈莹,邓子牛,谭李梅,李荣华,唐帅,马先锋.湖南柑橘园产区夏季野绿豆生长情况及对杂草防控的影响[J].中国南方果树,2026,55(3): |
| 湖南柑橘园产区夏季野绿豆生长情况及对杂草防控的影响 |
| Wild Mung Bean (Vigna radiata var. sublobata) Summer Growth and Its Impact on Weed Suppression in Hunan Citrus Orchards |
| 投稿时间：2025-05-21 修订日期：2025-06-10 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20250236 |
| 中文关键词: 柑橘园 野绿豆种质 生草栽培 杂草防控 覆盖度 |
| 英文关键词:Citrus orchard Wild mungbean germplasm Living mulch cultivation Weed control Coverage |
| 基金项目:湖南省自然科学基金(2025JJ60177)；长沙市自然科学基金（kq2402144） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 湖南夏季高温多湿，柑橘园杂草生长旺盛，除草成本高昂，为了有效的防控杂草，前期试验筛选了部分豆科物种，其中耐热性强的野绿豆（Vigna radiata var. sublobata）表现较好。本研究拟探究野绿豆在湘南的郴州市北湖区和湘北的常德市西洞庭管理区等两种典型柑橘园产区试验野绿豆的生态适应性和抑草效果，试验采用随机区组设计，设置常规的清耕为对照，测定生草处理区域的野绿豆株高和生物量以及覆盖度及杂草防控指标，结合方差分析与多重比较，分析生草覆盖区域的动态变化效果，从而系统评估野绿豆生草覆盖后抑制杂草的能力及区域差异。结果显示，野绿豆表现出显著的生态适应性，在两地柑橘园产区播种4个月后生物量达峰值，分别为872.51 g/m2和706.33 g/m2；株高分别为46.37 cm和45.45 cm；覆盖度分别为78.96%和71.29%；覆盖区杂草生物量和整体生长高度显著低于对照，且野绿豆覆盖度显著高于对照。两地的杂草株防效均在79%以上，鲜重防效在67%以上；其中，郴州覆盖区对主要杂草空心莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）的株防效高达84.93%，西洞庭覆盖区对主要杂草马唐（Digitaria sanguinalis）的株防效达81.22%。结果表明，野绿豆通过高覆盖度的遮荫效应与资源竞争抑制杂草生长。综上，野绿豆能有效抑制湖南柑橘园夏季杂草生长，同时也是豆科植物，是柑橘园杂草防控的一种较理想的新种质资源。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| High summer temperatures and humidity in Hunan Province promote vigorous weed growth in citrus orchards, resulting in high weeding costs. Preliminary screening of leguminous species identified heat-tolerant wild mung bean (Vigna radiata var. sublobata) as a promising candidate for effective weed control. This study investigated the ecological adaptability and weed suppression effect of wild mung bean in two representative citrus production regions: Beihu District, Chenzhou City in Southern Hunan and Xidongting Management District, Changde City in Northern Hunan. A randomized block design was employed, with conventional clean tillage as the control. Measurements included wild mung bean plant height, biomass, coverage, and weed control indicators within the cover crop plots. Analysis of variance and multiple comparisons were used to analyze dynamic changes in the cover crop area and systematically evaluate the weed suppression capacity and regional differences of wild mung bean coverage. Results demonstrated significant ecological adaptability of wild mung bean in both orchards. Biomass peaked at 4 months after sowing, reaching 872.51 g/m2 in Chenzhou and 706.33 g/m2 in Xidongting. Plant heights were 46.37 cm and 45.45 cm, and coverage reached 78.96% and 71.29%, respectively. Weed biomass and overall growth height in the cover plots were significantly lower than in the control, while wild mung bean coverage was significantly higher than the control. Weed plant control efficacy exceeded 79% and fresh weight control efficacy surpassed 67% in both locations. Specifically, control efficacy against the dominant weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) in Chenzhou reached 84.93%, while efficacy against (Digitaria sanguinalis) in Xidongting reached 81.22%. These results indicate that wild mung bean suppresses weed growth through high-coverage shading effects and resource competition. In conclusion, wild mung bean effectively suppresses summer weeds in Hunan citrus orchards. As a leguminous species, it represents a promising new germplasm resource for orchard weed management. |
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