| 杨丽萍,李思敏,岳 海,王 康,贺熙勇,张海清.基于目标产量法的澳洲坚果施肥效应研究[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(6): |
| 基于目标产量法的澳洲坚果施肥效应研究 |
| Research on the Fertilization Effect of Macadamia spp based on target yield method |
| 投稿时间：2025-05-09 修订日期：2025-06-18 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 澳洲坚果，目标产量施肥，施肥效应，果实品质，经济效益 |
| 英文关键词:Macadamia spp, Target yield fertilization, Fertilization effect, Nut quality, Economic benefit |
| 基金项目:云南省科技厅农业基础研究项目(202301BD070001-074)；云南省热带作物科技创新专项资金(RF2025-1云南省科技厅科技人才与平台计划(院士专家工作站)(202405AF140033)；兴滇英才支持计划(2022-0068) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】为探究目标产量施肥法在澳洲坚果配方施肥中的应用，确定N、P、K肥料最优配方，科学合理地指导澳洲坚果生产施肥。【方法】基于目标产量法进行了N、P、K用量梯度试验，研究不同肥料用量下澳洲坚果产量、品质、叶片和土壤养分、肥料农学效率、经济效益等关键指标的变化情况。【结果】不同施肥处理，澳洲坚果青皮果和干壳果产量存在显著差异，与未施肥相比，施肥提高出仁率1.25～3.93%。其中，0.75GS处理对青皮果和干壳果产量的增产效果优于其他处理，其对应的产值与利润也最高。在果实品质方面，施肥对果实内在品质和外在品质，以及果仁和叶片中N、P、K养分的影响较小，各处理间差异不显著。土壤方面，土壤有机质和水解氮在年份和处理间的差异均不显著，但土壤有效磷和速效钾在不同处理间差异显著。在肥料偏生产力方面，0.5GS处理表现最佳，0.75GS处理次之，FP处理最低。【结论】0.75GS处理，肥料用量比FP处理的氮磷钾肥用量分别减少13 %、54 %和44 %，对青皮果和干壳果产量的增产效果要优于其他处理，肥料农学效率和经济效益最高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】 To explore the application of target yield fertilization method in the formula fertilization of macadamia nuts, determine the optimal formula of N, P and K fertilizers, and scientifically and reasonably guide the fertilization in macadamia nut production. 【Method】 Based on the target yield method, gradient experiments of N, P, and K dosations were conducted to study the changes in key indicators such as yield, quality, leaf and soil nutrients, agricultural efficiency of fertilizers, and economic benefits of macadamia nuts under different fertilizer dosations. 【Result】 There were significant differences in the yields of macadamia nuts with green-husk nuts and dry-shelled nuts under different fertilization treatments. Compared with no fertilization, fertilization increased the kernel yield by 1.25-3.93%. Among them, the 0.75GS treatment had a better yield-increasing effect on the yields of green-husk nuts and dry-shelled nuts than other treatments, and its corresponding output value and profit were also the highest. In terms of nuts quality, fertilization had a relatively small impact on the intrinsic and extrinsic qualities of nuts, as well as the nutrients N, P, and K in kernels and leaves, and the differences among various treatments were not significant. In terms of soil, there were no significant differences in soil organic matter and hydrolyzed nitrogen between years and treatments, but there were significant differences in soil available phosphorus and available potassium among different treatments. In terms of the partial productivity of fertilizers, the 0.5GS treatment performed the best, followed by the 0.75GS treatment, and the FP treatment was the lowest. 【Conclusion】 In the 0.75GS treatment, the fertilizer dosage was reduced by 13%, 54% and 44% respectively compared with the FP treatment in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer dosage. The yield-increasing effect on the yields of green-husk nuts and dry-shelled nuts were better than that of other treatments, and the agronomic efficiency and economic benefits of the fertilizer were the highest. |
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