| 王璐,杨淑芳.佳慕果研究进展：资源特性、功能成分与综合利用[J].中国南方果树,2026,55(4):311-317 |
| 佳慕果研究进展：资源特性、功能成分与综合利用 |
| A Review on the Research Progress of Jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.) ): Resource Characteristics, Functional Components and Comprehensive Utilization |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-27 修订日期：2025-07-24 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 佳慕果 Syzygium cumini 植物学特性 功能成分 抗糖尿病 食品加工 引种栽培 产业化开发 |
| 英文关键词:Jamun fruit Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Botanical characteristics Functional components Anti-diabetic Food processing Introduction and cultivation Industrialized development |
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| 摘要点击次数: 9 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 佳慕果（Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels）作为桃金娘科蒲桃属多功能热带树种，兼具食用、药用及生态修复与园林景观价值，在阿育吠陀医学中有着悠久的应用历史。广东具备引种佳慕果的潜力，为给广东地区引种栽培及综合开发提供科学依据和理论支撑，本文通过整合国外相关研究成果，重点阐述佳慕果的植物学特征、化学成分、药理作用、引种适应性、食品加工与贮藏技术，以及未来研究方向，以期推动佳慕果资源在我国的深入开发、产业化应用及热带特色农业发展。本文采用文献研究法，系统搜集国外相关研究文献，涵盖植物学、化学、药理学、农学及食品科学等多个学科领域。通过对现有研究成果的梳理、归纳与总结，构建了佳慕果资源特性、功能成分及综合利用的完整知识框架。同时，结合实地调研，对佳慕果引入广东中山的引种栽培适应性进行了实证分析，为下一步栽培技术的优化提供了实践依据。研究表明，佳慕果果实富含花青素、鞣花酸等多酚类成分，种子含特有抗糖尿病生物碱jambosine，叶片具槲皮素等活性物质，具有抗氧化、降血糖、抗菌抗炎及抗肿瘤等药理作用。在广东引种栽培的佳慕果表现出良好的适应性，尽管果实横径略小于原产地，但花青素含量相当，6年生植株单株产量可达15kg，可溶性固形物含量为14.2%，总酚含量为1.23 mg GAE/g，展现出在热带亚热带地区推广的潜力。此外，佳慕果的果实可直接食用，也可加工成果汁、果酱、果酒、果醋、果冻等多种食品，果皮、种子等副产物还可用于提取生物活性物质，开发功能性食品或食品添加剂，具有显著的经济价值。佳慕果作为一种重要的热带特色资源，具有丰富的功能成分和广泛的药理作用，在食品、医药及保健品等领域展现出巨大的开发潜力。本文通过全面综述佳慕果的研究进展，不仅深化了对佳慕果资源特性的认识，也为佳慕果的产业化开发提供了科学依据。未来研究应进一步聚焦佳慕果生物活性成分的分子机制，开发高值化功能食品原料，探索其在医疗领域的应用，同时优化栽培技术，扩大种植规模，以满足市场需求，推动热带特色农业产业的可持续发展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, a multi-functional tropical tree species of the Myrtaceae family and Eugenia genus, has edible, medicinal, ecological restoration and landscape values. It has a long history of application in Ayurvedic medicine. Guangdong province has the potential to introduce and cultivate Syzygium cumini. To provide scientific basis and theoretical support for its introduction, cultivation and comprehensive development in Guangdong, this paper integrates relevant research results from abroad, focusing on the botanical characteristics, chemical components, pharmacological effects, introduction adaptability, food processing and storage technology, as well as future research directions of Syzygium cumini, with the aim of promoting its in-depth development, industrial application and tropical characteristic agriculture in China. This paper adopts the literature research method, systematically collecting relevant research literature from abroad, covering multiple disciplines such as botany, chemistry, pharmacology, agronomy and food science. Through the sorting, summarizing and summarizing of existing research results, a complete knowledge framework of the resource characteristics, functional components and comprehensive utilization of Syzygium cumini has been constructed. At the same time, combined with field research, an empirical analysis of the introduction and cultivation adaptability of Syzygium cumini in Zhongshan city, Guangdong was conducted, providing practical basis for the optimization of cultivation techniques in the next step. The research shows that the fruits of Syzygium cumini are rich in anthocyanins, ellagic acid and other polyphenolic components, the seeds contain the unique anti-diabetic alkaloid jambosine, and the leaves contain active substances such as quercetin, with antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor pharmacological effects. Syzygium cumini introduced and cultivated in Guangdong shows good adaptability. Although the transverse diameter of the fruit is slightly smaller than that of the original place, the anthocyanin content is comparable. The yield of a single 6-year-old plant can reach 15 kg, the soluble solid content is 14.2%, and the total phenol content is 1.23 mg GAE/g, showing the potential for promotion in tropical and subtropical regions. In addition, the fruits of Syzygium cumini can be eaten directly or processed into various foods such as juice, jam, wine, vinegar and jelly. The by-products such as peels and seeds can also be used to extract bioactive substances and develop functional foods or food additives, with significant economic value. As an important tropical characteristic resource, Syzygium cumini has rich functional components and wide pharmacological effects, showing great development potential in the fields of food, medicine and health products. Through a comprehensive review of the research progress of Syzygium cumini, this paper not only deepens the understanding of the resource characteristics of Syzygium cumini, but also provides scientific basis for its industrial development. Future research should further focus on the molecular mechanism of the bioactive components of Syzygium cumini, develop high-value functional food raw materials, explore its application in the medical field, and optimize cultivation techniques and expand planting scale to meet market demand and promote the sustainable development of tropical characteristic agriculture. |
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