| 肖琪,白描,杨国顺,石雪晖,罗飞雄.2019-2024年国内葡萄新品种选育成果[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(6): |
| 2019-2024年国内葡萄新品种选育成果 |
| The domestic achievements made in grape cultivar development between 2019 and 2024 |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-03 修订日期：2025-08-16 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20250169 |
| 中文关键词: 葡萄 品种用途 选育方法 新品种 性状 果实香气 |
| 英文关键词:Grapes Cultivar utility Breeding method New cultivars Berry character Berry aroma |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1200200）；国家现代农业产业体系项目（CARS-29-zp-9） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 葡萄新品种是行业发展的核心动力，也是推动育种技术革新的基石。本文围绕2019-2024年国内选育的葡萄新品种，按品种用途分类比较了新品种的果实品质。结果表明近几年国内选育了葡萄新品种57个，以鲜食葡萄品种为主，其中鲜食品种44个（占比77.19 %），酿酒品种5个（占比8.77 %），砧木品种3个（占比5.27 %），兼用品种5个（占比8.77 %）。选育方法以杂交育种为主，其中杂交选育品种47个（占比82.46 %），实生选育品种8个（占比14.04 %），芽变和诱变选育品种各1个。根据果肉香型，草莓香品种9个（占比15.79%），玫瑰香品种16个（占比28.07%），草莓香与玫瑰香混合香品种4个，青草香品种3个，李子香、紫罗兰花香、复合香品种各1个，无香味品种22个。此外，近几年选育的葡萄新品种以欧美杂种和欧亚种为主，无核新品种有7个。这些新品种的成功选育，不仅扩充了我国的葡萄种质资源库，还促进了我国葡萄产业向多元化、特色化方向迈进。本文研究结果可为葡萄育种和产业发展提供重要参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| New grape cultivars are the core driving force for the industry development and the cornerstone for promoting technological innovation in grape breeding. This article compares the berry quality of new grape cultivars selected and bred in China from 2019 to 2024 by classifying them according to their uses. Results showed that 57 new grape cultivars had been selected and bred in China during past five years, most cultivars were table grape, among which 44 were table grape cultivars (accounting for 77.19%), five were wine grape cultivars (accounting for 8.77%), three were rootstock cultivars (accounting for 5.27%), and five were cultivars with multiple utilities (accounting for 8.77%). According to the breeding methods, most cultivars were developed by artificial hybridization, among wich 47 new cultivars were selected through artificial hybridization (accounting for 82.46%), eight cultivars were developed through open-pollinated seedlings (accounting for 14.04%), one cultivar was selected through bud mutation, and one cultivar was developed through induced mutation. According to berry aroma, there were nine new cultivars carrying fox flavor (15.79%), 16 cultivars carried muscat flavor (28.07%), four cultivars carried flavors with both fox and muscat flavor, three cultivars carried grass fragrance, one cultivar had plum fragrance, one cultivar had violet fragrance, and one cultivar had compound fragrance, and 22 cultivars carried no fragrance in their berries. In addition, the new grape cultivars selected and bred in recent years were mainly European-American hybrid and Vitis vinifera and seven seedless cultivars. The successful breeding of these new cultivars not only expands China""s grape germplasm resource but also promotes the diversification and specialization of grape industry. Results from this article can provide important references for grape breeding and industry development. |
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