| 刘育梅.18种山榄科植物花粉形态及其亲缘关系分析[J].中国南方果树,2026,55(3): |
| 18种山榄科植物花粉形态及其亲缘关系分析 |
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| 投稿时间：2025-03-20 修订日期：2025-06-06 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 山榄科 花粉 形态特征 亲缘关系 外壁纹饰 |
| 英文关键词: |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】明确山榄科10属18种花粉的形态特征，推断属内物种间的亲缘关系及其孢粉学角度关键特征。【方法】利用扫描电镜对花粉的形状、大小及外壁纹饰等特征进行观测和统计分析，并结合山榄科分子系统学研究结果进行推断。【结果】1.山榄科花粉有四种类型，其中以较进化的球形花粉和长球形花粉为大多数。18种花粉中，美桃榄为大花粉粒，大肉实树、香榄和星苹果为小花粉粒，其它14种花粉粒的极轴和赤道轴分别为 25.82～45.85μm和 16.00～39.44μm，属于中等花粉粒。除长叶紫荆木具5孔沟、龙果和黄晶果具3孔沟外，花粉均具４孔沟。2.除铁榄属为皱纹状纹饰外，其它属均为较进化的穴状纹饰。属内物种的外壁纹饰具体特征有3种类型：属内物种的纹饰特征相同或基本相似，包括金叶树属的2种，紫荆木属的3种，铁榄属的2种; 属内物种有一定差异，例如桃榄属中的4种，其中蛋黄果、黄晶果和美桃榄的穴状纹饰特征是清晰，数量较多，而龙果的是模糊，数量少;属内物种的差异比较大，例如铁线子属的2种，其中，古巴牛乳树的穴状纹饰特征是模糊，数量少，而人心果的是清晰，数量较多。分子系统学亲缘关系近的物种，其外壁纹饰特征的相似度比较高。【结论】山榄科10个属中，铁榄属为皱纹状纹饰，具有属的特异性。在孢粉学领域的多个指标中，外壁纹饰可以明显区别紫荆木属和胶木属这两个姐妹群，同时，外壁纹饰也是进一步鉴别山榄科属内物种亲缘关系的关键指标。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】In order to clarify the morphological characteristics of 18 species in 10 genera of Sapotaceae, and to explore the relationship of species in each genus and the key palynology feature.【Method】 Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe pollen traits，size and exine ornamentation morphology of 18 species，and statistical analysis and the results of molecular systematics were conducted.【Result】 1. There were four types of pollen in Sapotaceae, among which the more evolved spherical pollen and long spherical pollen were the majority. Among the 18 species pollen, Pouteria sapota is a large pollen grain, Sarcosperma arboreum, Mimusops elengi and Chrysophyllum cainito are small pollen grains, and the 14 other species are medium pollen grains which polar and equatorial axes are respectively 25.82-45.85μm and 16.00-39.44μm. Except for Madhuca longifolia, which has 5-hole groove, and Pouteria grandifolia and Pouteria caimito?have 3-hole grooves,others species have 4-hole grooves. 2. Except that Sinosideroxylon is wrinkled ornamentation, others' are the more evolved cave shaped ornamentation. The characteristic of wall ornamentation of species in each genus was divided into three kinds as below. The characteristic is the same or almost similar such as the 2 species in Chrysophyllum, the 3 species in Madhuca and the 2 species in Sinosideroxylon. There is a certain difference such as the 4 species in Pouteria.The ornamentation is clear and the cave quantity is large for P. campechiana, P. caimito?and P. sapota,while it is unclear and small for P. grandifolia.The characteristic has large difference between the 2 species in Manilkara. The ornamentation is unclear and the cave quantity is small for M. roxburghiana,which is clear and large for M. zapota. While the phylogenetic relationship is closer,the similarity of the exine?ornamentation is higher. 【Conclusion】Among the 10 genera of Sapotaceae, Sinosideroxylon is the specific one which has wrinkled ornamentation. Among most indices in field of palynology, exine?ornamentation might be used to ?distinguish the sister group of Madhuca and Palaquium, and also might be used as key entification criteria to reflect the relationship of species in each genus. |
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