| 高恒锦,金国强,陈昊东,陈红,徐蒋来,张娟,任海英.临海市杨梅设施栽培物候期和主要昆虫发生动态研究[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(6): |
| 临海市杨梅设施栽培物候期和主要昆虫发生动态研究 |
| Study on the phenological period and major insect occurrence dynamics of bayberry (Myrica rubra) in facility cultivation in Linhai |
| 投稿时间：2025-03-12 修订日期：2025-05-16 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 促早栽培 杨梅 物候期 昆虫发生规律 诱虫板 |
| 英文关键词:Early maturing culture Bayberry Phenological period Insect occurrence dynamics Insect-attracting board |
| 基金项目:浙江省“三农九方”科技计划项目（2024SNJF073）；国家重点研发计划（2023YFD1401400）；浙江省2024-2026年果品产业技术团队项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】为保障设施杨梅产量和品质，探明设施栽培杨梅主要虫害种类及发生动态，指导精准防控。【方法】通过悬挂诱虫板调查2024年1-6月杨梅促早栽培期间设施内外的主要昆虫发生动态，记录设施内外杨梅树冠层80-90cm和地下10-15cm处土层温湿度变化，记录物候期节点及重要农事操作，分析虫害发生与环境的相关性。【结果】与设施外相比，设施内冠层温度、土层温度显著增高，相对湿度较稳定，杨梅成熟时间提前17天，采摘时间延长6天。设施内外均鉴定出12种昆虫，其中害虫10种，益虫2种。大部分害虫发生动态与温度显著相关，当土层日均温>21.2℃，冠层日均温>23.5℃时，卷叶蛾、粉虱、果蝇、介壳虫发生数量快速上升，设施内果蝇、粉虱、介壳虫等害虫发生时间早且数量多。【结论】设施栽培显著改变了杨梅的生长环境和虫害发生规律，生产中建议3月中旬喷施杀灭若虫和成虫的药剂，随后悬挂黄板捕杀害虫成虫。本研究结果可有效指导精准防控设施栽培杨梅虫害，保障设施杨梅的绿色安全生产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract:[Objective]To ensure the yield and quality of facility-grown bayberry, this study aimed to identify the major insect pests and occurrence dynamics in facility cultivation and to guide precise prevention and control of pests.[Method]From January to June 2024, during the early-promoting cultivation period of bayberry, insect occurrence dynamics inside and outside the facility were investigated using insect traps. The temperature and humidity changed at the 80-90 cm canopy layer and the 10-15 cm soil layer were recorded both inside and outside the facility. Phenological stages and important agricultural operations were documented, and the correlation between pest occurrence and the environment were analyzed. [Results]Compared with outside the facility, the canopy and soil temperatures inside the facility were significantly higher, and the relative humidity were more stable. The bayberry fruit maturity time were advanced with 17 days, and the harvesting period were extended with 6 days. A total of 12 insect species were identified both inside and outside the facility, including 10 pests and 2 beneficial insects. The occurrence dynamics of most pests were significantly correlated with temperature. When the daily average soil temperature exceeded 21.2°C and the canopy temperature exceeded 23.5°C, the populations of leafrollers, whiteflies, fruit flies, and scale insects increased rapidly. Compared with the outside, pests such as fruit flies, whiteflies, and scale insects occurred earlier and in larger numbers inside the facility. [Conclusion]Facility cultivation significantly change the growth environment and pest occurrence patterns of bayberry. Target insecticides are recommended to apply to control pest larvae and adults in Mid-March, follow with hanging yellow sticky insect boards. The data of this study will effectively guide the precise control of the pest in facility-grown bayberry for the green and safe bayberry production. |
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