| 陈皓,张云贵,王武,李霜,王敏,洪林,杨蕾,杨海健.不同覆盖方式对山地橘园土壤温湿度变化的影响[J].中国南方果树,2026,55(3): |
| 不同覆盖方式对山地橘园土壤温湿度变化的影响 |
| Influence of different mulching methods on the changes of soil temperature and humidity in citrus orchards |
| 投稿时间：2025-03-04 修订日期：2025-03-19 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20250107 |
| 中文关键词: 山地果园 果园覆盖 高温干旱 土壤温度 土壤相对含水量 |
| 英文关键词:mountain orchards orchard mulching high temperature and drought soil temperature soil relative water content. |
| 基金项目:国家现代柑橘产业技术体系建设项目(SARS-27)；重庆市科企联合体种质资源收集利用与品种试验项目(cqnyncw-kqlhtxm)(KYLX20231000025、KYLX20240500120);重庆市基础科研项目(NKY-2021AC004) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】探究不同覆盖方式对重庆高温旱季山地橘园土壤温度与湿度的影响,为筛选适宜山地果园应对极端高温、干旱的最佳覆盖方式。【方法】对重庆具有代表性的紫色土橘园和黄壤土橘园采用稻草覆盖(DC)、PE地布覆盖(PE)、PLA地布覆盖(PLA)和自然生草(ZR),实时测定果园空气温湿度、土壤温湿度、土壤温湿度极值变化。【结果】果园地表覆盖能够调控土壤温湿度变化,且不同覆盖方式的调控程度各异。在高温旱季土壤降温性能方面,四种覆盖方式表现为DC＞ZR＞PE＞PLA；土壤保湿性能方面,四种覆盖方式呈现DC＞PLA/PE＞ZR。ZR覆盖在土壤降温方面的表现优于PE地布和PLA地布,而在土壤保湿方面不及PE和PLA。四种覆盖方式的投入成本从高到低依次为PLA＞DC＞PE＞ZR。【结论】在灌溉条件受限的山地果园中,建议优先选用植物秸秆覆盖方式；对于生态要求较高的果园,可采用自然生草与稻草覆盖相结合的管理方式；若选择园艺地布进行短期覆盖,从成本角度考虑,可选用价格便宜且耐用性强的PE材料。高温伏旱季，果园抗旱浇水的最佳时间为当日8:00之前。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Purpose: To explore the influence of different mulching methods on soil temperature and humidity in mountain citrus orchards in Chongqing during high-temperature and dry seasons, and to screen the optimal mulching method suitable for mountain orchards to cope with extreme high temperatures and droughts.【Method】Straw mulching (DC), PE ground cloth mulching (PE), PLA ground cloth mulching (PLA), and natural grass growth (ZR) were adopted in representative purple soil mountain orchards and yellow loam soil mountain orchards in Chongqing. The air temperature and humidity, soil temperature and humidity, and extreme values of soil temperature and humidity in the orchards were measured in real time.【Result】Surface mulching in orchards can regulate changes in soil temperature and humidity, and the degree of regulation varies for different mulching methods. In terms of soil cooling performance during high-temperature and dry seasons, the four mulching methods showed DC > ZR > PE > PLA. In terms of soil moisture retention performance, the four mulching methods presented DC > PLA/PE > ZR. ZR mulching performed better than PE ground cloth and PLA ground cloth in soil cooling, but was inferior to PE and PLA in soil moisture retention. The input costs of the four mulching methods from high to low are PLA > DC > PE > ZR.【Conclusion】In mountain orchards with limited irrigation conditions, it is recommended to give priority to the use of plant straw mulching. For orchards with high ecological requirements, a management method combining natural grass growth and straw mulching can be adopted. If choosing horticultural ground cloth for short-term mulching, considering the cost, PE material with low price and strong durability can be selected. During the high-temperature and drought season, the optimal time for drought-resistant watering in orchards is before 8:00 on the same day. |
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