| 万云星,卢齐仟,陈章兵,朱启林,但小倩,张金波,李梅,喻子才,张向东,孟磊.基于海南金枕榴莲器官养分含量分析的榴莲科学施肥研究+增刊[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(S1): |
| 基于海南金枕榴莲器官养分含量分析的榴莲科学施肥研究+增刊 |
| Research on scientific fertilization of durian based on the analysis of organ nutrient content of Monthong, durian in Hainan Province |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-27 修订日期：2025-06-17 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 榴莲 养分 施肥 |
| 英文关键词:durian nutrients fertilization |
| 基金项目:海南省重点研发项目：三亚榴莲品质控制技术研究与示范（ZDYF2024XDNY251） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】榴莲器官养分含量能有效反映其营养状况，有助于制定合理的施肥计划，以提高榴莲产量和质量。【方法】采集海南主要榴莲品种金枕叶片、枝条、花和果实，分析其中的氮（N）、磷（P2O5）、钾（K2O）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、锌（Zn）和铜（Cu）的养分含量，并计算养分之间的比例关系，并结合土壤胞外酶进行分析。【结果】结果表明：榴莲各器官中，氮含量范围为4.11~23.10 g kg-1，高低顺序为叶片>花>枝条>果实，叶片和花含量显著高于枝条和果实；钾含量范围为13.22~24.35 g kg-1，花的钾含量显著高于叶片、枝条和果实；磷含量范围为1.55~3.13 g kg-1，枝条和花含量显著高于叶片和果实，果实中磷含量最低，只有1.55 g kg-1。此外，钙、镁、铜含量范围为2.31~15.02 g kg-1、2.20~4.12 g kg-1和5.51~14.85 g kg-1，叶片的钙镁含量显著高于枝条、花和果实，而铜含量则相反。锌含量范围为5.14~36.59g kg-1，各器官锌含量差异显著。在榴莲各生长期中，生殖生长期土壤胞外酶活性最高，相关性分析表明，各养分含量互相影响，相互作用。【结论】因此，在实际种植过程中，应充分考虑榴莲生长阶段、土壤肥力等多方面因素，优化氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、锌和铜肥施用量与比例，以期提升榴莲种植的肥料利用效率与果实品质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】Nutrient content of durian organs can effectively reflect its nutritional status, which helps to develop a reasonable fertilization plan to improve durian yield and quality. 【Method】The leaves, branches, flowers and fruits of Hainan's major durian species, Monthong, were collected and analyzed for the nutrient contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) and the proportional relationship between the nutrients was calculated, and the soil extracellular enzymes were analyzed.【Results】The results show that among the various organs of durian, the nitrogen content ranges from 4.11 to 23.10 g kg-1, and the order from high to low is leaves > flowers > branches > fruits. The contents in leaves and flowers are significantly higher than those in branches and fruits. The potassium content ranged from 13.22 to 24.35 g kg-1. The potassium content of flowers was significantly higher than that of leaves, branches and fruits. The phosphorus content ranged from 1.55 to 3.13 g kg-1. The content in branches and flowers was significantly higher than that in leaves and fruits. The phosphorus content in fruits was the lowest, only 1.55 g kg-1. In addition, the contents of calcium, magnesium and copper ranged from 2.31-15.02 g kg-1, 2.20-4.12 g kg-1 and 5.51-14.85 g kg-1. The contents of calcium and magnesium in the leaves were significantly higher than those in the branches, flowers and fruits, while the copper content was the opposite. The zinc content ranged from 5.14 to 36.59 g kg-1, and there were significant differences in zinc content among various organs. Among the various growth stages of durian, the extracellular enzyme activity in the soil was the highest during the reproductive growth stage. Correlation analysis indicated that the contents of various nutrients influenced and interacted with each other.【Conclusion】Therefore, in the actual planting process, the application of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu fertilizers should be optimized by taking into full consideration the growth stage of durian and soil fertility, with a view to improving the fertilizer utilization efficiency of durian planting and the quality of fruits. |
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