| 马勉娣,张丹,鲁兴凯,全勇,王兴鹏.5种不同果锈防治剂对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果果锈及果实品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(6): |
| 5种不同果锈防治剂对‘维纳斯黄金’苹果果锈及果实品质的影响 |
| The effects of 5 different rust prevention and control agents on the rust and fruit quality of 'Venus Golden' apples |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-25 修订日期：2025-04-19 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20250088 |
| 中文关键词: 维纳斯黄金 苹果果锈 防治剂 果实品质 |
| 英文关键词:Venus Golden' apples Apple fruit rust Preventive and therapeutic agents fruit quality |
| 基金项目:昭通市“兴昭人才支持计划”优秀青年人才支持项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究以维纳斯黄金苹果为试材，探索适合苹果果锈的防治方法。在果实幼果期，分别设置GA4+7、绿原酸、CNC、NAC以及Tiron五种果锈防治剂进行喷施处理，以果实套袋为对比，以清水喷施为空白对照。通过测定果实的果锈指数、锈果率、果面光洁度及内外在品质指标，结果表明：1.在几种苹果果锈防治措施中，果实套袋的防治效果最为显著，相较于空白对照，果锈指数和锈果率显著降低了55.37%和46.98%（P<0.05），果面光洁度显著提高了90.82%（P<0.05）；2.喷施五种不同浓度的果锈防治剂，果实的果锈指数和锈果率相比空白对照均有不同程度的降低，果面光洁度也有所提升。其中，20 mg/L的GA4+7、30 mg/L的GA4+7、5 mmol/L的NAC、1%的CNC和0.5 mmol/L的绿原酸五种浓度的防治效果最为显著，果锈指数和锈果率分别显著降低了28.9%-45.45%和8.5%-15.8%（P<0.05），果面光洁度显著提高了40.19%-83.01%（P<0.05）；3.筛选出的上述五种果锈防治剂不仅能够显著改善果实的外观品质，同时对果实的内在品质无不良影响。此外，这些防治剂具有显著的防治效果和较高的成本节约率，在经济性和安全性方面表现突出，因此具备推广应用的潜力。这些结果表明，采用适当的果锈防治措施，可以有效提升苹果的外观品质，同时兼顾经济效益和安全性，为实际生产提供了可靠的技术支持。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study used 'Venus golden' apples as test materials to explore suitable methods for preventing and controlling apple rust. During the young fruit stage, five rust control agents, GA4+7, chlorogenic acid, CNC, NAC, and Tiron, were sprayed separately, with fruit bagging as the control and water spraying as the blank control. By measuring the fruit rust index, rust rate, fruit surface smoothness, and internal and external quality indicators, the results showed that: 1. Among several apple fruit rust prevention and control measures, fruit bagging had the most significant control effect. Compared with the blank control, the fruit rust index and rust rate were significantly reduced by 55.37% and 46.98% (P<0.05), and the fruit surface smoothness was significantly improved by 90.82% (P<0.05); 2. Spraying five different concentrations of fruit rust control agents resulted in varying degrees of reduction in fruit rust index and rust rate compared to the blank control, and an improvement in fruit surface smoothness. Among them, the five concentrations of GA4+7 at 20mg/L, GA4+7 at 30mg/L, NAC at 5mmol/L, CNC at 1%, and chlorogenic acid at 0.5mmol/L showed the most significant control effects. The fruit rust index and rust rate were significantly reduced by 28.9%-45.45% and 8.5%-15.8%, respectively (P<0.05), and the fruit surface smoothness was significantly improved by 40.19%-83.01% (P<0.05). The five selected rust control agents not only significantly improve the appearance quality of fruits, but also have no adverse effects on the intrinsic quality of fruits. In addition, these control agents have significant control effects and high cost savings, demonstrating outstanding economic and safety performance, thus possessing the potential for promotion and application. These results indicate that adopting appropriate rust prevention measures can effectively improve the appearance quality of apples, while balancing economic benefits and safety, providing reliable technical support for practical production. |
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