| 李阳阳,荆若男,李剑,周欣兴,孙亚伟,王强,姜建福,刘亚菊.我国苹果品种保护和登记现状分析[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(6): |
| 我国苹果品种保护和登记现状分析 |
| Analysis of the current status of apple variety protection and registration in China |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-25 修订日期：2025-04-11 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20250087 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果 植物新品种保护 品种登记 现状分析 |
| 英文关键词:apple plant variety protection variety registration current status analysis |
| 基金项目:中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-RIP-02)。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| [目的]掌握我国苹果新品种保护和品种登记工作开展现状，促进我国苹果种业有序发展。[方法]收集整理2004-2023年苹果新品种保护申请和授权信息及2017-2023年苹果品种登记信息，分析苹果新品种保护和品种登记数量的年际变化、地区差异和主体类型等。[结果]结果表明，截至2023年12月31日，我国共受理苹果新品种保护申请415个，其中处于申请阶段的品种数为240个，处于品种权正式保护范围内的品种数为132个，处于撤销申请阶段的品种数为33个，处于终止阶段的品种数为10个；共计84个单位或个人作为申请主体提交品种保护申请，国内以科研单位申请数量最多，占申请总量的43.1%，国外以企业申请数量最多，占申请总量的16.9%；不同地区中山东省申请品种保护数量最多，占申请总量的24.8%。2017年以来，单个品种获得授权平均审查时长为2.87年。2017-2023年，我国苹果品种登记数量325个，均为有效登记，其中有176个品种未申请新品种保护；不同申请主体中科研单位完成登记数量最多，企业次之；不同地区中辽宁省完成品种登记数量最多。[结论]在时间上，苹果新品种保护申请的变化趋势分为平稳、过渡、快速增长3个时期，苹果品种授权的变化趋势分为冷淡、探索、不稳定增长、爆发增长4个阶段，苹果品种登记数量无明显变化规律；在空间上，苹果新品种保护和登记申请数量在分布地区上呈“东多西少”；就申请主体而言，相较其他主体，企业主体申请品种登记意识较强，申请品种保护意识较为薄弱。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| [Objective] To understand the current state of protection and registration of new apple varieties in China, and to promote the orderly development of the apple seed industry in China. [Method] Collect and organize data on apple new variety protection applications and grants from 2004 to 2023, and apple variety registration from 2017 to 2023. Analyze the annual changes, regional differences, and types of entities involved in apple new variety protection and registration. [Result] By December 31, 2023, China had received 415 applications for the protection of new apple varieties. Among these, 240 varieties were still in the application phase, 132 were under formal protection, 33 were in the withdrawal phase, and 10 were in the termination phase. A total of 84 entities or individuals applied for variety protection. Domestically, research institutions submitted the most applications, accounting for 43.1% of the total, while internationally, companies were the leading applicants, accounting for 16.9%. Among different regions, Shandong Province had the highest number of variety protection applications, making up 24.8% of the total. Since 2017, the average review period for granting protection to a single variety has been 2.87 years. From 2017 to 2023, 325 apple varieties were registered, all valid registrations, with 176 varieties not having applied for new variety protection. Among the applicants, research institutions registered the most varieties, followed by companies. Liaoning Province led in the number of variety registrations. [Conclusion] Temporally, the trend of new apple variety protection applications can be divided into three periods: stable, transitional, and rapid growth. The trend for granting variety rights can be categorized into four stages: indifference, exploration, unstable growth, and explosive growth. The number of apple variety registrations does not show a clear pattern of change. Spatially, both new variety protection and registration applications show an "East more, West less" distribution pattern. Regarding the entities involved, companies show a stronger inclination towards variety registration compared to other entities, but they have a relatively weaker awareness of applying for variety protection. |
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