| 邢飞,黄源,杨传祥,凌丽俐,王男麒,戚志恩,孔文斌,淳长品,王寿先.脆李叶片营养元素丰缺分级标准的初步研究[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(4): |
| 脆李叶片营养元素丰缺分级标准的初步研究 |
| Preliminary Study on the Standard of Nutrient Elements Contents in Plum Leaves |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-24 修订日期：2025-04-21 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 脆李 叶片 标准研究 营养诊断 分布规律 |
| 英文关键词: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】以连续多年在重庆8个脆李主要种植区采集的1385个叶片样品为研究对象，分析叶片矿质营养元素水平。【方法】通过正态分布分析，并结合基于产量划分的优质果园数据，制定脆李叶片营养元素标准。【结果】N、Ca和S服从正态分布，P、K、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu和B元素则呈偏态分布；对于服从正态分布的元素，采用4点5分段概率分级法确定了将其分为缺乏、偏低、适宜、偏高和过量 5 个级别，对于不符合正态分布的元素参考优质果园的叶片营养元素值和现有标准进行矫正，初步制定了重庆脆李叶片营养元素的诊断标准；基于此标准，进一步分析了重庆不同区县脆李叶片营养水平，8个区县李子叶片梁平和渝北N不足（缺乏和偏低）比例较高，分别达到49.1%和48.2%，Mg、Cu和B大部分处于适宜范围，而S大部分处于充足（偏高和过量）状态，N、P、Fe、Mn、Zn在采样区域内以不足为主，其中，梁平、万州、巫山和渝北Zn不足比例超过了65%，值得引起重视。【结论】初步建立了重庆脆李叶片营养诊断分级标准，在建立的标准下，明确了各脆李产区叶片营养状况，为实现脆李产业标准化管理和果实品质提高提供了参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract: 【Objective】 Using 1,385 leaf samples collected over consecutive years from eight major producing areas of plums in Chongqing, this study analyzed the mineral nutrient levels in the leaves. 【Methods】 Through normal distribution analysis and quality orchard data based on yield classifications, nutrient standards for plum leaves were established. 【Results】 The results showed that N, Ca, and S followed normal distributions with N [2.800, 0.3572], N [2.605, 0.7722], and N [0.131, 0.0372], respectively. In contrast, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B exhibited skewed distributions. For elements conforming to normal distributions, a 4-point and 5-segment probability grading method was employed to classify them into five levels: deficiency, lower, normal, higher, and excess. For elements not conforming to normal distributions, leaf nutrient values from quality orchards and existing standards were used for correction to preliminarily establish diagnostic standards for the nutrient levels of plum leaves in Chongqing. Based on these standards, further analyses of nutrient levels across different districts in Chongqing were conducted. Among the eight districts, Liangping and Yubei had high proportions of N insufficiency (deficiency and lower), reaching 49.1% and 48.2%, respectively. Mg, Cu, and B were mostly in the suitable range, while S was predominantly in the sufficient (higher and excess) range. N, P, Fe, Mn, and Zn were mainly insufficient across the sampling areas. Notably, Zn insufficiency exceeded 65% in Liangping, Wanzhou, Wushan, and Yubei, which warrants attention. Preliminary establishment of Chongqing plum leaf nutritional diagnostic grading standards, under the established standards, clear leaf nutritional status of each plum production area, for the realization of the standardized management of the plum industry and fruit quality improvement provides a reference.
Keywords: plum; leaf; standard research; nutrition diagnosis; distribution pattern |
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