| 钱萧然,张靖,田林坤,张华军,岩帕新,毛常丽,柳觐,牛迎凤.55个芒果种质资源幼果期果实品质特性分析[J].中国南方果树,2026,55(2): |
| 55个芒果种质资源幼果期果实品质特性分析 |
| Analysis of Fruit Quality Characteristics in the Young Fruit Stage of 55 Mango Germplasm Resources |
| 投稿时间：2025-01-03 修订日期：2025-02-27 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 芒果 果实品质 种质资源 糖酸 主成分分析 |
| 英文关键词:Mangifera indica L. Fruit quality Germplasm resources Sugar and acid PC analysis |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32160396) ；云南省技术创新人才培养对象项目(202305AD160023)；云南省热带作物科学研究所科研基本业务费项目(RF2024-5)；西双版纳州内科研院所科技创新项目（2024）；云南省省级热带作物版纳种质资源圃芒果种质资源保护项目(630-3)；农业农村部热带作物种质资源保护项目（21240124）；云南省重大科技专项计划子课题（202402AE090008-2） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】果实的品质性状是评价芒果资源优劣的重要指标之一，目前芒果果实品质研究主要围绕成熟果实展开，对幼果阶段的系统性研究较少。虽然芒果的市场需求以熟果为主，但在东南亚和我国部分地区还存在“生食”的特殊市场需求。因此，补充幼果品质性状的相关研究并分析其变化规律对开发生食芒果品种具有重要意义，也对芒果种资资源改良与优质新品种创制提供参考。【方法】本研究选取农业部芒果种质资源云南创新基地中55份芒果种质作为试验材料，采集幼果期（花后12周）的果实，用烘干法测定果肉中的含水量（WC）、用折光计法测定可溶性固形物含量（TSS）、用滴定法测定可滴定酸含量（TA）、用微量检测法测定还原型抗坏血酸（AsA）、可溶性糖（SSC）、葡萄糖（Glu）、果糖（Fru）和蔗糖（Suc）含量，并计算糖酸比（RST）和固酸比（RTT）。对数据进行统计分析和深入探讨，包括差异分析、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。【结果】55个种质中，WC和TSS变异系数较小，糖酸组分变异系数较大，RST变异系数最大；糖组分中，Fru含量最高，Suc和Glu含量普遍较低；幼果SSC与Fru含量的相关系数最大（0.886），TA与所有指标均呈负相关，幼果中与TSS相关性最高的是Suc，且幼果中Suc含量普遍较低；幼果期芒果品种‘生吃芒’各项品质性状指标突出，主成分综合得分最高；主成分分析发现TA、AsA、SSC、Glu、Fru含量是造成不同种质资源之间多样性的主要原因；聚类分析基于酸组分含量和糖组分含量，在遗传距离为1.5和2.5处将55份种质资源分为4类；糖组分变化量分析显示受测种质主要为Suc积累型。【结论】与熟果不同，幼果Fru含量高于Suc，且SSC主要受Fru含量影响，而并非Suc含量；TSS主要受Suc含量影响，幼果TSS较低与Suc含量低有关。‘生吃芒’幼果阶段SSC最高，TA含量较低，RST较高，这应该是其适于生食的原因之一。本研究填补了相同种植环境下芒果幼果期不同种质资源间品质性状研究的空白，为筛选生食品种和提升云南省种植芒果的果实品质提供了理论支持和实践参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】China possesses abundant mango germplasm resources, and the quality of these resources can be evaluated by studying the quality traits of fruits, analyzing the correlation between quality traits, and exploring the underlying rules. This research is of great significance for screening excellent germplasm, enriching germplasm resources, and adjusting market structure. Currently, research on mango fruit quality primarily focuses on the mature fruits of several cultivated germplasm types, with limited studies on the young fruit stages of different germplasm. As a respiratory climacteric fruit, mango fruit exhibits significant differences in various indicators during the early stages of growth compared to fully matured fruit. Therefore, investigating quality traits during the young fruit stage is highly significant for future screening of high-quality varieties. 【Methods】In this study, 55 mango germplasms from the Yunnan Innovation Base of the Ministry of Agriculture were selected as experimental materials. The young fruits were collected, and the water content (WC) was determined using the drying method. The total soluble solids (TSS) was measured with a refractometer method, and the titratable acid (TA) content was assessed by titration. The contents of reduced ascorbic acid (AsA), soluble sugars conten (SSC), glucose (Glu), fructose (Fru), and sucrose (Suc) were analyzed using a micro-detection method. The ratio of SSC to TA (RST) and ratio of TSS to TA (RTT) were calculated using SPSS software. Statistical analysis and in-depth exploration of data were conducted, including analyses of indicator differences, correlation analyses, principal component analyses, and cluster analyses. 【Results】Among the 55 mango germplasm resources, the accumulation of sugars during the young fruit stage is primarily fructose, with lower levels of sucrose and glucose. The correlation coefficient between SSC and fructose content in young fruits is the highest (0.886), indicating that SSC during the young fruit stage is mainly determined by fructose content rather than sucrose. The high correlation between TSS and sucrose indicates that TSS is primarily influenced by sucrose content. However, since sucrose content in young fruits is generally low, TSS is also generally low. There is a significant correlation between AsA and sugar acid components, indicating that AsA may be involved in the process of sugar acid metabolism. A significant negative correlation between TA content and sugar content indicating that germplasm with higher TA content during the young fruit stage tend to have lower sugar content. Principal component(PC) analysis reveals that the contribution rates of different mango germplasm quality traits during the young fruit stage are relatively concentrated. The contents of TA, AsA, SSC, Glu, and Fru are the main reasons for the diversity among different germplasm resources, which is different from the situation in mature fruits. In the young fruit stage, the comprehensive score of the principal component (PC) of 'shengchi mango' is the highest, and its various quality traits are the most prominent among the 55 germplasms. Among these traits, SSC is the highest, TA content is low, and thus the RST is high, which may be the main reason why it is suitable for raw consumption. Among the top 20 germplasms with comprehensive scores, 60% have genealogy from Thailand and America, indicating that the accumulation of nutrients in these germplasm occurs earlier than in other germplasms. In cluster analysis based on acid and sugar content, the 55 germplasm resources are classified into four categories at genetic distances of 1.5 and 2.5. Based on the analysis of changes in sugar components, it was found that 53 of the tested germplasms are of the sucrose accumulation type, while the remaining two are of the glucose accumulation and fructose accumulation type, respectively. 【Conclusion】During the young fruit stage, significant differences in various quality indicators between different varieties, especially in terms of sugar content. Additionally, there are substantial differences in the correlation between various indicators compared to mature fruits, indicating that significant variations between different germplasms are already present in the early stages of mango growth. Among the 55 germplasms, those with specific genealogy accumulate nutrients earlier and exhibit outstanding quality indicators at the young fruit stage, providing a reference for screening early maturing varieties. Moreover, eating immature mango fruit currently have a certain market foundation and is in high demand in Southeast Asia, as well as in regions such as Yunnan and Guangxi in China. However, The systematic research and development in the field of "raw eating mangoes" are still lacking. In the fruit market that pursues higher sweetness, immature mango fruit offers a unique flavor that can avoid homogeneous competition, fully tap into regional characteristic economy, and has considerable development potential. This study can lay the foundation for screening better quality raw-eating varieties. Finally, this study fills the gap in research on quality traits among different germplasm resources during the young fruit stage of mangoes under the same planting environment. It provides important theoretical support and practical reference for improving the fruit quality of mangoes planted in Yunnan Province. |
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