| 王宇洋.黄皮果实大中量元素需求规律[J].中国南方果树,2026,55(2): |
| 黄皮果实大中量元素需求规律 |
| Macro- and large and medium amount mineral elements in Fruit of Chinese Wampee |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-18 修订日期：2025-03-12 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20240620 |
| 中文关键词: 关键词 ： 黄皮果 矿质元素 主成分 |
| 英文关键词: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘 要 【目的】为探明黄皮果生长过程中矿质养分需求规律，为黄皮绿色优质高产的养分管理提供理论依据。【方法】以“中科2号”黄皮果为试材，从花后15 d开始至成熟期的黄皮果进行跟踪试验，分析其干物质、大中量矿质元素含量及积累量变化。【结果】整个生育期中大中量元素养分含量由高到低顺序为K＞N＞Ca＞Mg＞P＞S，花后15～90d，N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S元素养分含量均呈下降趋势。N、P、K的累积量均呈现先升后降的显著变化，其累计量从Ⅰ至Ⅴ均持续升高，在阶段Ⅴ至Ⅵ有所下降，其中N累积量在阶段Ⅰ（1.71g/个）升至阶段Ⅴ（31.09g/个），随后降低至阶段Ⅵ（28.01g/个）；P累积量在阶段Ⅰ（0.36g/个）升至阶段Ⅴ（5.83g/个），随后降低至阶段Ⅵ（5.42g/个）；K累积量在阶段Ⅰ（3.08g/个）升至阶段Ⅴ（61.04g/个），随后降低至阶段Ⅵ（55.81g/个）；Ca、Mg、S元素累积量的变化幅度无显著差异，均持续上升。钙（Ca）的积累量逐步增加，其含量范围为0.52～11.83g/个；Mg积累量也逐步增加，其含量范围为0.45～12.15g/个；S积累量同样呈现逐步上升趋势，其含量范围为0.19～2.57g/个。对果实的矿质元素指标进行了主成分分析，提取了两个主成分，累积贡献率达到 80.80%。主要的影响因素为磷（P）和硫（S）。【结论】黄皮果对养分需求排序为K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S，养分需求量在阶段Ⅴ（花后60～75）此阶段对养分的需求显著高于其他5个阶段，在果树成熟期，对养分需求达到峰值。主成分分析综合排序结果显示，果实生长发育前期尤为重要，且黄皮果对钾的需求量最大，氮、钙次之，为此应在果实生长前期分配较高比例的钾肥，根据土壤养分状况适当补充氮、钙肥，同时，注意S及P元素的养分管理。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract : 【Objective】This study aims to elucidate the patterns of mineral nutrient requirements during the growth of Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels, providing a scientific basis for nutrient management to support high-quality, sustainable, and high-yield production. 【Method】 Using the cultivar "Zhongke No. 2" as the experimental material, a longitudinal study was conducted from 15 days post-anthesis through to fruit maturity. Analyses were performed on dry matter content and the concentration and accumulation of essential macronutrients.【Result】Throughout the growth period, the concentration of macronutrients followed the descending order of K > N > Ca > Mg > P > S. Between 15 to 90 days post-anthesis, the levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S exhibited a general decline. Accumulation patterns of N, P, and K showed an initial increase followed by a decrease, with cumulative amounts rising continuously from stages I to V and decreasing between stages V and VI. The cumulative amount of N increased from 1.71 g per individual in stage I to 31.09 g per individual in stage V, and then decreased to 28.01 g per individual in stage VI; the cumulative amount of P rose from 0.36 g per individual in stage I to 5.83 g per individual in stage V, and then dropped to 5.42 g per individual in stage VI; the cumulative amount of K climbed from 3.08 g per individual in stage I to 61.04 g per individual in stage V, and then declined to 55.81 g per individual in stage VI.In contrast, the accumulations of Ca, Mg, and S displayed steady increases without significant variation.The accumulation of calcium (Ca) gradually increased, and its content ranged from 0.52~11.83g/pc. The accumulation of mg also increased gradually, and its content ranged from 0.45~12.15g/pc. The accumulation of S also showed a gradual upward trend, and its content ranged from 0.19~2.57g/pc. Principal component analysis was carried out on the mineral element indexes of fruits, and two principal components were extracted, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 80.80%. The main influencing factors were phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S). 【Conclusion】The nutrient requirement of Chinese Wampee was K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S, and the nutrient requirement was significantly higher than that of the other five stages at stage V. (60~75 after flowering).In the early stage of wampee fruit growth, the demand for potassium is the greatest, followed by nitrogen and calcium. For this reason, a higher proportion of nitrogen fertilizer should be allocated in the early stage of fruit growth, and magnesium and calcium fertilizers should be supplemented appropriately according to the soil nutrient status.The comprehensive ranking results indicate that the early stage of fruit growth and development is particularly crucial,The fruit has the largest demand for potassium, followed by nitrogen and calcium, so a higher proportion of potassium fertilizer should be allocated in the early stage of fruit growth, and nitrogen and calcium fertilizer should be appropriately supplemented according to the soil nutrient status. and attention should be paid to the nutrient management of elements S and P. |
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