| 肖琪,罗飞雄.2019-2024年国内猕猴桃新品种选育进展[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(2): |
| 2019-2024年国内猕猴桃新品种选育进展 |
| Progress in new kiwifruit cultivar development between 2019 and 2024 |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-12 修订日期：2025-01-25 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20240555 |
| 中文关键词: 猕猴桃 选育方法 新品种 果实性状 |
| 英文关键词:Kiwifruit Breeding method New cultivar Fruit characters Fruit quality |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1200503）；国家现代农业产业体系项目（CARS-29-zp-9） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘要：猕猴桃新品种是产业核心竞争力的关键，也是驱动猕猴桃育种技术创新的立足点。我国是猕猴桃原产国，种质资源丰富，为猕猴桃新品种选育及促进产业发展提供坚实的基础，本文围绕2019-2024年国内选育的猕猴桃新品种，比较了不同育种方法选育品种的果实品质。结果表明2019-2024年国内育种单位共选育了新品种50个，其中实生选育品种40个（占比80%），杂交选育品种8个（占比16%），芽变选育品种2个（占比4%）。以上结果表明实生选育为2019-2024年国内猕猴桃新品种选育的主要方法。这些年选育的猕猴桃品种中，根据果肉颜色分类，主要为黄肉品种，其次是绿肉品种、红心品种及红肉品种。这些新品种的成功选育，既丰富了我国猕猴桃种质资源，也推动了猕猴桃产业多样化、特色化发展。不同育种方法选育的猕猴桃新品种多数为区域性品种，果实品质差异大，因此在选择种植特定猕猴桃新品种前，需考虑品种所属猕猴桃种的特性和适应性，再选择合适的栽培区域和配套栽培技术。本文研究结果可为猕猴桃育种和产业发展提供重要参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract：New kiwifruit cultivars are the key to the core competitiveness of the industry, it is also a foothold for driving technological innovation in kiwifruit breeding. Kiwifruit is originated from China that has rich kiwifruit germplasm, it provides a solid foundation for breeding new kiwifruit cultivars and promoting the industry development. This paper focuses on the new cultivars of kiwifruit selected and bred in China between 2019 and 2024, the fruit quality of cultivars bred by different breeding methods was compared. Results showed that 50 new kiwifruit cultivars were selected and bred in China during the past five years. 80% of these new cultivars were selected from open-pollinated seedlings, 16% cultivars were bred through artificial hybridization, and 4% cultivars were sport. Above results indicated that selection through open-pollinated seedlings was the main breeding method for developing new kiwifruit cultivars between 2019 and 2024. Besides, among these new kiwifruit cultivars in the last five years, which could be divided into four types based on flesh color, being yellow-fleshed, green-fleshed, red-cored, and red-fleshed cultivars. Successfully breeding these new cultivars could enrich the kiwifruit germplasm in China, which could also promote the diversification and characteristic development of kiwifruit industry. The new kiwifruit cultivars bred by different breeding methods are mostly regional cultivars whose fruit quality varied greatly. Therefore, before growing a particular new kiwifruit cultivar, it is necessary to consider the characteristics and adaptability of the Actinidia species to which the cultivar belongs, then select the appropriate site for orchard establishment and its corresponding cultivation technology. Results from this study can provide important reference for kiwifruit genetic improvement and industry development. |
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