| 杨柳,杨楠楠,毛海欧,祁春节.我国柑桔产后损失及减损对策研究[J].中国南方果树,2026,55(1): |
| 我国柑桔产后损失及减损对策研究 |
| Research on Post-Harvest Loss and Loss Reduction Strategies for Citrus in China |
| 投稿时间：2024-11-11 修订日期：2024-11-25 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 柑桔损失 全产业链 损失原因 减损对策 |
| 英文关键词:Citrus loss entire industry chain loss causes loss reduction strategies |
| 基金项目:财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业（柑桔）产业技术体系（CARS-26-06BY）；国家社会科学基金项目“粮食和重要农产品有效供给保障能力与提升路径研究”（23BJY155）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 柑桔是中国第一大水果，减少柑桔产后损失对于降低资源浪费、降低生产成本、提高食物供给效率和保障食物安全具有重要意义，目前有关研究相对不足。为摸清我国柑橘产后损耗情况、分析成因、提出对策，本文对采收、采后处理、物流运输、批发零售等环节经营主体开展了专项问卷调查，收集596份有效问卷数据，测算分析我国柑桔全产业链各环节的损失率、损失原因及减损措施效果。研究结果表明：①我国柑桔全产业链综合损失率为34.88%，东部地区、果皮较薄品种、规模较小的经营主体损失率相对更高。②采收、采后处理、物流运输、批发、零售、精深加工环节的损失率分别为6.28%，6.65%，4.09%，8.38%，9.80%，7.45%。③采用标准化仓库、标准箱贮藏运输、有机垃圾回收、标准化采收等作业手段具有显著的减损效果。基于此，本文从推广标准化采收模式，优化加工工艺，建立健全标准化仓储基础设施，搭建生产基地与电商对接平台等方面提出对策建议。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Citrus is the leading fruit in China. Reducing postharvest losses in citrus production is crucial for minimizing resource waste, lowering production costs, improving food supply efficiency, and ensuring food security. However, current research in this area remains relatively limited. To address this gap, this study investigates the extent of citrus postharvest losses in China, analyzes the underlying causes, and proposes countermeasures. A specialized survey was conducted targeting stakeholders involved in harvesting, postharvest handling, logistics, transportation, wholesale, and retail. A total of 596 valid questionnaires were collected, enabling an analysis of loss rates, reasons for losses, and the effectiveness of loss mitigation measures across the entire citrus industry chain. Key findings include: ①The comprehensive loss rate across China's citrus industry chain is 34.88%. Loss rates are relatively higher in eastern regions, for thinner-skinned varieties, and among smaller-scale operators. ②Loss rates for different stages are as follows: harvesting (6.28%), postharvest handling (6.65%), logistics and transportation (4.09%), wholesale (8.38%), retail (9.80%), and deep processing (7.45%).③ Measures such as the use of standardized warehouses, standardized storage and transportation boxes, organic waste recycling, and standardized harvesting methods have demonstrated significant effectiveness in reducing losses.Based on these findings, the study recommends promoting standardized harvesting models, optimizing processing techniques, establishing and enhancing standardized storage infrastructure, and building platforms to connect production bases with e-commerce. |
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