| 王红,赵晓珍,赵凯,张树珍,马玉华.生物炭对桃园土壤养分、有机酸及微生物的影响[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(5): |
| 生物炭对桃园土壤养分、有机酸及微生物的影响 |
| Effects of biochar on soil nutrients, organic acids and microorganisms in peach orchard |
| 投稿时间：2024-10-22 修订日期：2025-01-24 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 桃、生物炭、土壤、养分、微生物 |
| 英文关键词:peach, biochar, soil, nutrients, microorganisms |
| 基金项目:黔农科院青年基金项目（[2022]15号）；黔科合平台人才项目（CXTD[2023]004）；黔科合平台人才项目（GCC[2022]025-1）；黔科合平台项目（KXJZ[2024]024）；财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-30) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】为改善南方山地桃园土壤性质，提高土壤养分。【方法】以6年树龄桃园为研究对象，以常规施用复合肥为对照CK 2kg/株，探究2.5kg/株（T1）、5.0kg/株（T2）、7.5kg/株（T3）生物炭配施复合肥对土壤的影响。【结果】生物炭比单施复合肥增加了土壤速效养分，提高了磷活化系数，增加了土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮，改变了根际有机酸含量，从而影响土壤中微生物群落结构。几个生物炭处理中，T2处理效果最好，较对照显著提高了土壤pH值6.9%，增加了土壤有机质8.0%、碱解氮7.0%、有效磷28.5%和磷活化系数2.9%、104.7%生物量碳和366.7%生物量氮，苹果酸、乳酸和柠檬酸也分别提高267.1%、165.8%和53.7%，还提高了细菌酸杆菌门、芽单孢杆菌门、疣微菌门、绿湾菌门、Latescibacterota和芽单孢杆菌科、暗壳腔菌科、赤杆菌科相对丰度，真菌被孢霉门和三形菌、小囊菌科、被孢霉科、线虫草科、丛赤壳科、晶杯菌科、被孢霉科等菌的相对丰度。【结论】综上所述，生物炭能有效改善土壤状况，其中5.0kg/株生物炭处理效果最好。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To improve the soil properties and enhance soil nutrients in southern mountainous peach orchards. 【Method】 A 6-year-old peach orchard was used as the research object, and conventional application of compound fertilizer was used as the control CK at 2kg/plant to explore the effects of 2.5kg/plant (T1), 5kg/plant (T2), and 7.5kg/plant (T3) biochar combined with compound fertilizer on soil. 【Result】 Biochar increased soil available nutrients, increased phosphorus activation coefficient, increased soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, changed rhizosphere organic acid content, and thus affected soil microbial community structure compared to single application of compound fertilizer. Among several biochar treatments, T2 treatment showed the best effect, significantly increasing soil pH by 6.9%, soil organic matter by 8.0%, alkaline nitrogen by 7.0%, available phosphorus by 28.5%, phosphorus activation coefficient by 2.9%, biomass carbon by 104.7%, and biomass nitrogen by 366.7% compared to the control group. Malic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid also increased by 267.1%, 165.8%, and 53.7%, respectively. T2 treatment also increased the relative abundance of bacterial acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Botrytis cinerea, Latescibacterota, and Bacillus subtilis, as well as the relative abundance of fungi such as Aspergillus and Trichoderma, Ascomycota, and Fusarium. The relative abundance of fungi in the families Nematophoraceae, Rhododendron, Penicilliaceae, and Penicilliaceae. 【Conclusion】 In summary, biochar can effectively improve soil conditions, with 5kg/plant biochar having the best treatment effect. |
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