| 张丽鑫,佟丙辛,王孝忠,刘飞,侯勇.宾川县葡萄养分投入、产量潜力及影响因素分析[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(6): |
| 宾川县葡萄养分投入、产量潜力及影响因素分析 |
| Analysis of Nutrient Inputs, Yield Potential and Influencing Factors of Grapes in Binchuan County |
| 投稿时间：2024-10-10 修订日期：2024-10-10 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20240493 |
| 中文关键词: 葡萄 产量 影响因素 养分管理 |
| 英文关键词:Grapes Yield Influencing factors Nutrient management |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1901503)；云南省科技计划项目(202202AE090034) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于宾川县葡萄种植调研数据，以产量数据前5%的平均值为产量潜力，采用四分法进行产量水平分类以及等差法进行农户和果园条件分类，分析当前农户生产现状、产量差及其影响因素，以期为区域葡萄生产增产增效提供理论依据。县域葡萄平均产量为43.4 t/hm2，产量潜力为58.1 t/hm2，产量差达到了14.7 t/hm2，不同产量水平间产量差分别为5.1、12.2、16.8和24.7 t/hm2；氮肥、磷肥和钾肥平均施用量分别为460.3、341.1和499.2 kg/hm2。全域70%葡萄农户处于低产低效的水平，部分农户处于高产低效水平。施肥量和灌溉次数是影响葡萄产量的主要因素，贡献率分别为63.9%和14.2%。氮、磷和钾肥施用量与产量的关系呈先增加后降低的趋势，灌溉次数与产量呈正相关关系，产量与经济效益也呈正相关关系。综上所述，宾川县葡萄产量和施肥量差异较大，养分利用效率较低，优化施肥管理及果园条件、提升农户科学施肥认知和栽培管理理念并加强规模化种植，有利于削减葡萄产量差和效率差，提高葡萄农户经济效益，推动宾川县葡萄产业高产高效绿色发展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on the survey data of grape cultivation in Binchuan County, taking the average value of the first 5% of the grape yield as the yield potential, and the quadratic method was used to classify the yield level as well as the equidistant method to classify the conditions of farmers and orchards, to analyze the current status of fertilization, the yield difference and its influencing factors, with a view to providing theoretical basis for the increase of regional yield and production efficiency. The average yield of grapes in the county level was 43.4 t/hm2, the yield potential was 58.1 t/hm2, the yield difference reached to 14.7 t/hm2, and the yield differences between different yield levels were 5.1, 12.2, 16.8, and 24.7 t/hm2, respectively. The average application rate of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer was 460.3, 341.1 and 499.2 kg/hm2, respectively. 70% of the region""s grape farmers are at low-yield, low-efficiency levels, and some are at high-yield, low-efficiency levels. Fertilization and irrigation frequency were the main factors affecting grape yield, and the contribution rate was 63.9% and 14.2%, respectively. The relationship between the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and yield showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The number of irrigation times was positively correlated with yield. Meanwhile, the economic benefit was positively correlated with yield, that is, the economic benefit increased with the increase of grape yield. In summary, the difference between grape yield and fertilizer application in Binchuan County is large, and the nutrient utilization efficiency is low. Optimizing the orchard conditions and nutriment management, improving the farmers"" scientific fertilization cognition and cultivation management concepts and strengthening large-scale planting are conducive to cutting down the difference in grape yield and nutrient utilization efficiency, improving the economic benefits of famers. Through the application of these measures, we hope to promote the high-yield, high-efficiency and green development of the grape industry in Binchuan County. |
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