| 杨喜盟,李嘉立,张彪.不同水份条件下短枝富士苹果适宜砧木筛选及综合评价[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(4): |
| 不同水份条件下短枝富士苹果适宜砧木筛选及综合评价 |
| Screening and Comprehensive Evaluation of Suitable Rootstocks of Fuji Apple with Short Branches under Different Water Conditions |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-08 修订日期：2024-09-08 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 水份条件 短枝富士 砧木筛选 综合评价 |
| 英文关键词:Moisture condition Fuji with short branches Rootstock screening comprehensive assessment |
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| 摘要点击次数: 222 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同砧木对短枝富士‘成纪1号’长势、光合作用、果实品质和产量的影响，筛选出‘成纪1号’在甘肃陇东地区不同栽培模式下的适宜砧木，以矮化自根砧M9-T337、中间砧M26、乔砧新疆野苹果3种砧木嫁接短枝富士‘成纪1号’为试材，比较了不同砧穗组合在不同水分条件下的树体生长、枝类组成、叶片光合特性、果实品质及产量差异，采用模糊隶属函数法进行了综合评价。结果表明：在正常供水条件下，矮化自根砧M9-T337与‘成纪1号’短枝富士组合的5年生树树势中庸，枝类组成合理（中短枝85.32%，长枝14.67%），达到矮化密植树体丰产枝量（661个/株），净光合速率最高（20.45 umol·m-2·s-1），可溶性固形物含量最高（15.00%），可滴定酸含量最低（0.32%），优果率（83.08%）、连续3年产量及3年累计产量（7738.42 kg/667m2）均最高，隶属函数法综合排名第一，可在甘肃陇东有灌溉条件的川塬区推广种植；在自然降雨条件下，矮化自根砧M9-T337和中间砧M26与‘成纪1号’短枝富士组合树势较弱，虽利于早果丰产，但易产生早衰现象，乔砧新疆野苹果与‘成纪1号’短枝富士组合树势中庸，枝类组成合理，枝类组成合理（中短枝90.08%，长枝9.93%），净光合速率最高（18.05 umol·m-2·s-1），单果重最大（257.93 g），优果率（73.00%）、连续3年产量及3年累计产量（4160.86 kg/667m2）均最高，隶属函数法综合排名第三，可应用在甘肃陇东依靠自然降雨的山旱地果园。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of different rootstocks on the growth, photosynthesis, fruit quality and yield of fuji' Chengji No.1', the suitable rootstocks of' Chengji No.1' in Longdong area of Gansu Province were selected. Three rootstocks, i.e. dwarf rootstock M9-T337, intermediate rootstock M26 and arbor rootstock Xinjiang wild apple, were used as test materials to graft Fuji' Chengji No.1', and different rootstock combinations were compared in the tree body. The results showed that under the normal water supply condition, the 5-year-old tree combined with dwarf rootstock M9-T337 and' Chengji No.1' short-branch Fuji had moderate tree vigor, reasonable branch composition (85.32% for medium-short branches and 14.67% for long branches), reaching the high yield of dwarf dense trees (661 branches per plant) and the highest net photosynthetic rate (20.45 umol). The titratable acid content was the lowest (0.32%), the excellent fruit rate (83.08%), the continuous yield for three years and the cumulative yield for three years (7738.42 kg/667m2) were the highest, and the membership function method ranked first comprehensively, which could be popularized in Sichuan Plateau area with irrigation conditions in Longdong, Gansu Province. Under the condition of natural rainfall, the combination of dwarf self-rootstock M9-T337 and intermediate rootstock M26 with' Chengji No.1' short-branch Fuji is weak, which is beneficial to early fruiting and high yield, but easy to cause premature aging. The combination of rootstock Xinjiang Wild Apple and' Chengji No.1' short-branch Fuji is moderate in potential, with reasonable branch composition (90.08% for medium-short branches and 9.93% for long branches). The single fruit weight is the largest (257.93 g), the excellent fruit rate (73.00%), the continuous yield and the cumulative yield for three years (4160.86 kg/667m2) are the highest, and the membership function method ranks third, which can be applied to the dry mountain orchard in Longdong, Gansu Province, which relies on natural rainfall. |
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