| 周凌霄,刘霞,张婉玲,张跃强,蒋正品,龙泉,温明霞,易时来.不同时间放梢对云南新平县冰糖橙秋梢抽生和开花坐果的影响①[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(6): |
| 不同时间放梢对云南新平县冰糖橙秋梢抽生和开花坐果的影响① |
| Effects of different time of releasing shoot on autumn shoot regrowth and flowering and fruiting of Yunnan Xinping County Bingtang Orange |
| 投稿时间：2024-09-06 修订日期：2024-12-14 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20240459 |
| 中文关键词: 云南省 冰糖橙 放梢时间 秋梢抽生 开花坐果 |
| 英文关键词:Yunnan province Bingtang Orange Time of releasing shoot Autumn shoot growth Flowering and fruiting |
| 基金项目:乡村振兴专项“万州丘陵山地玫瑰香橙园差异化精准变量施肥技术”；国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0700602)；中国农业科学院柑桔研究所荆门专家工作站(二期)等项目资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探究不同时间放梢对新平冰糖橙秋梢抽生和开花坐果的影响，设置立秋前20天（处理A，下同）、立秋前10天（B）、立秋（C）、立秋后10天（D）、立秋后20天（E）等不同时间短截春梢统一放秋梢和立秋不短截自然放秋梢（CK）共6个处理。结果表明，处理A和CK的秋梢抽生数量显著高于处理B、D；处理A、B、C和CK的秋梢叶片SPAD值均显著高于处理D、E；处理C抽生的晚秋梢鲜重相对最高，为1637 g/株，分别比处理B、D、E、CK显著高56.9%、1.3倍、1.6倍、4.3倍；总花量、秋梢花量、秋梢花占比、挂果量随短截放梢时间的先后顺序而递减，即延迟放梢导致了翌年花量降低，进而造成了挂果量减少；5个短截放梢处理的秋梢花占比显著高于CK处理，其中处理A的秋梢花占比为86.9%，为CK的2倍，可见，自然放梢不利于秋梢的花芽分化。
翌年的果实产量数据表明，处理C的单株产量最高，平均为65.4 kg/株，分别是处理B、D、CK、A、E的1.5倍、1.5倍、1.6倍、1.7倍和2.4倍，且差异显著；处理E的可溶性固形物含量最低，仅为10.3%，分别比处理A、B、CK、D、C低1.9%、1.8%、1.0%、1.0%、0.5%。
主成分分析综合得分的高低顺序为A>B>CK>C>D>E。因此，云南新平冰糖橙建议放早秋梢，时间控制在立秋节气前20天内，更有利于冰糖橙秋梢的抽生与开花坐果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to investigate the effect of different time of shoot release on autumn tip emergence and flowering and fruiting, six treatments were designed, namely, short-cutting of spring shoots 20 days before autumn (treatment A), short-cutting of spring shoots 10 days before autumn (treatment B), short-cutting of spring shoots in autumn (treatment C), short-cutting of spring shoots 10 days after autumn (treatment D), short-cutting of spring shoots 20 days after autumn (treatment E), and unified release of autumn shoots and natural release of autumn shoots in autumn without short-cutting (treatment CK). The results showed that the number of autumn tip shoots in treatments A and CK was significantly higher than that in treatments B and D; the SPAD value of autumn shoot leaves in treatments A, B, C, and CK were significantly higher than those in treatments D and E; the fresh weight of late autumn tip shoots in treatment C was the highest in relative terms, at 1,637 g/plant, which was significantly higher than those in treatments B, D, E and CK by 56.9%, 1.3 times, 1.6 times, and 4.3 times, respectively; the total number of flowers, the number of flowers at autumn tips, the percentage of autumn tips, and the number of fruiting plants in the autumn tip, The total flower volume, autumn flower volume, autumn flower volume, and fruit volume decreased with the sequence of short-cutting and tressing, i.e., delayed tressing led to lower flower volume in the following year, which in turn led to the reduction of fruit volume; the autumn flower volume of the five short-cutting and tressing treatments was significantly higher than that of the CK treatments, of which the autumn flower volume of treatment A was 86.9%, which was twice as much as that of CK, which indicated that the natural release of tressing was detrimental to the differentiation of the flower buds of the autumn tresses.
Fruit yield data in the following year showed that treatment C had the highest yield per plant with an average of 65.4 kg/plant, which was 1.5, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7 and 2.4 times higher than that of treatments B, D, CK, A and E, respectively, and the difference was significant; treatment E had the lowest soluble solids content of 10.3%, which was 1.9%, 1.8%, 1.0%, 1.0%, and 0.5% lower than that of treatments A, B, CK, D, and C, respectively.
The order of high and low scores in the principal component analysis is A>B>CK>C>D>E. Therefore, it is recommended to put the early autumn tips of Yunnan Xinping Ice-sugar Orange, and the time control is within 20 days before the autumn festival, which is more conducive to the drawing of the autumn tips of Ice-sugar Orange and the blossoming of the fruits. |
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