| 易善萍,程寅胜,伍涛,李谢雨,杨立,张爽,熊国清,刘政.不同基质对梨树营养钵大苗生长特性的影响[J].中国南方果树,2024,53(6): |
| 不同基质对梨树营养钵大苗生长特性的影响 |
| Effects of Different Substrates on the Growth Characteristics of Pear Nutritional Bowl Seedlings |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-15 修订日期：2024-07-15 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 梨树 大苗繁育 复配基质 生长指标 |
| 英文关键词:pear seedling breeding compound substrates growth index |
| 基金项目:现代农业(梨)产业技术体系(CARS-28)；湖北省农业科技创新中心重大科技研发项目(2020-620-000-002-05)；湖北省农业科学院第二批青年拔尖人才培养计划资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 探索不同基质对梨树营养钵大苗生长特性的影响,以期筛选出适宜梨树营养钵大苗高效繁育的基质配比。本研究以一年生‘翠冠’梨苗为试材,以田园土、草炭、有机肥、珍珠岩和蛭石为原料,设置10个基质配比处理,研究了各配方基质对梨苗存活率以及地上部和地下部生物量积累的影响。结果表明：T1(田园土)、T2(纯草碳)、T4(田园土：草炭=2：1)、T6(田园土：草炭=4：1)和T9组(田园土：草炭：珍珠岩：蛭石=8：4：1：1)存活率达到100%。T2组在地上部粗度(15.90 mm)、地上部鲜重(481.67 g)和干重(228.55 g)、主根鲜重(160.78 g)和干重(107.50 g)、主根(153 cm3)和须根(52 cm3)体积上数值最高。T3组(田园土：草炭=1：1)表现出最大的叶片鲜重(2.79 g)、地上部高度(271 cm)、主根粗度(26.55 mm)、侧根鲜重(52.42 g)和干重(34.45 g)、侧根体积(56 cm3)以及须根的鲜重(31.69 g)和干重(21.36 g)。T4组则表现出最高的叶片厚度(达到0.354 mm)。整体上T2、T3和T4组是综合表现最好的前三组,且这三组在大多数情况下并不存在显著性差异。考虑到更稳定的成活率、较高的生物量积累以及较低的育苗成本,推荐适用于梨树最优营养钵基质配比为田园土：草炭=2：1。适当增加草炭含量有助于改善复配基质的理化性质,促进梨苗生长。本研究可为梨树营养钵大苗基质配方选择提供依据,具有较高的推广应用价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To select suitable substrates for growth of pear nutritional bowl seedlings, the effects of substrates on the growth characteristics were investigated. The effects of ten kinds of substrates, which were prepared with garden soil, peat, organic fertilizers, perlite and vermiculite, on the survival rate and biomass accumulation of pear seedlings were evaluated based on ‘Cuiguan’ pear nutritional bowl seedlings. Five kinds of substrates, including T1 (garden soil), T2 (peat), T4 (garden soil: peat = 2: 1), T6 (garden soil: peat = 4: 1) and T9 (garden soil: peat: perlite: vermiculite = 8: 4: 1: 1), showed the highest survival rate (100%). Pear seedlings of T2 exhibited the highest values of thickness of trunk (15.90 mm), fresh weight (481.67 g) and dry weight (228.55 g) of aboveground parts, fresh weight (160.78 g) and dry weight (107.50 g) of taproots, as well as volume of taproots (153 cm3) and fibrous roots (52 cm3). T3 treatment (garden soil: peat = 1: 1) showed highest levels in fresh weight of leaves (2.79 g), the height of aboveground parts (271 cm), the thickness of taproots (26.55 mm), fresh weight (52.42 g) and dry weight (34.45 g) of lateral roots, volume of lateral roots (56 cm3), fresh weight (31.69 g) and dry weight (21.36 g) of fibrous roots. T4 treatment ranked highest in thickness of leaves (0.354 mm). Overall, T2, T3 and T4 were the ideal substrate formula, which showed no significant differences in most cases. Considering more stable survival rate, higher biomass accumulation and lower cost, substrate formula of T4 was recommend for pear seedling cultivation. The results demonstrated that the increasing the content of the peat could improve the physical and chemical properties of the compound substrates, which promoted to the growth of pear nutritional bowl seedlings. Our results provide the basis for the selection of suitable substrates for pear seedling cultivation, which has a great application value. |
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