| 任小玉,梁楠松,董景辉,贾志伟,胡玉林,杨转英,胡会刚,肖伟军.香蕉特色种质资源的ISSR分类[J].中国南方果树,2024,53(6): |
| 香蕉特色种质资源的ISSR分类 |
| ISSR classification of characteristic germplasm resources of banana |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-22 修订日期：2024-06-18 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 香蕉 ISSR PCR 分类 分子标记 聚类分析 多态性 |
| 英文关键词:Banana ISSR PCR Categorize Molecular marker Cluster analysis Polymorphism |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD2300802-5） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】对中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所香蕉种质资源圃所保存的23份香蕉种质（主要为野生蕉和地方香蕉种质），进行了快速的分子标记及遗传关系分析，以期明晰这些香蕉的亲缘关系，为后续香蕉高产、抗病杂交育种研究提供理论基础。【方法】提取23份香蕉种质嫩叶的DNA，并利用筛选得到的12个ISSR引物对其进行分子标记筛选和遗传多样性聚类分析。【结果】在23份香蕉种质资源中有14个香蕉种质为三倍体，9个香蕉种质为二倍体。大部分香蕉起源于2个种：尖叶蕉（A基因组）和长梗蕉（B基因组），其余为二者的杂交品种，使用12个选定的ISSR引物从23份栽培品种中共扩增了126个清晰、可重复的条带。其中，UBC807、UBC812和UBC820扩增的条带数最多、均为13条；UBC821获得的条带扩增数最少，为6条，且所有条带均具有多态性。聚类分析结果显示，23份香蕉材料可分为8组。其中，第一组包括：孟加拉大蕉、正果野生蕉和南亚指天蕉；第二组包括：高脚遁地雷、怒江野蕉5、志满粉蕉、怒江野蕉6和假金手指；第三组包括：天宝988、金手指、红河矮蕉和海南红蕉；第四组包括：宝山粉蕉、台湾8号、增城野生蕉、兴隆红蕉和黎母野生蕉；第五组包括紫茎蕉和宝山野蕉；第六组包括：紫花野生蕉和宝山野蕉1；而山芭蕉1号和中山龙芽蕉各自归为一组。【结论】筛选出12个可用于香蕉分类的ISSR引物，可有效对23份香蕉种质进行聚类分析，并将上述23份香蕉资源有效地聚为8组。其中第八组的中山龙芽蕉与其他22份香蕉材料的相似系数底，亲缘关系远，遗传多样性较丰富。而其他组间的相似系数高，亲缘关系近，遗传背景相似。利用ISSR分子标记可将遗传背景及形态特征不同的香蕉种质资源进行有效分类，可为后续香蕉高产、抗病杂交育种研究提供理论基础。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】To conduct rapid molecular marker and genetic relationship analysis on 23 banana germplasm (mainly wild banana and local banana germplasm) kept in the banana resource nursery of the Institute of South Asian Tropical Crops, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CASTAC), with a view to clarifying the affinities of these bananas, and providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent research on banana high-yield and disease-resistant cross-breeding. 【Methods】The DNA of young leaves of 23 banana germplasm was extracted and screened for molecular markers and analysed for genetic diversity using 12 ISSR primers. 【Results】 Among the 23 banana germplasm species, 14 banana germplasm were triploid and 9 were diploid. Most of the bananas originated from two species: sharp-leaved banana (genome A) and long-stalked banana (genome B), or were hybrids of the two. A total of 126 clear and reproducible bands were amplified from the 23 cultivars using 12 selected ISSR primers. Among them, UBC807, UBC812 and UBC820 amplified the highest number of bands with 13 bands, while UBC821 obtained the lowest number of amplified bands with 6 bands, and all bands were polymorphic. The results of cluster analysis showed that the 23 lines could be classified into eight groups. The first group consisted of Bengal plantain, Zhengguo wild plantain and South Asian finger plantain; the second group consisted of Tall recluse, Nujiang wild plantain 5, Zhiman pink plantain, Nujiang wild plantain 6 and Pseudogoldfinger; the third group consisted of Tianbao 988, Goldfinger, Red River dwarf plantain and Hainan red plantain; the fourth group consisted of Baoshan pink plantain, Taiwan 8, Zengcheng wild plantain, Xinglong red plantain and Lemu wild plantain; the fifth group consisted of Purple stemmed plantain and Baoshan wild plantain; the sixth group consisted of Baoshan wild plantain; and the sixth group consisted of Baoshan wild plantain, Zengcheng wild plantain and Lemu wild plantain. The fifth group included purple stemmed plantain and Baoshan wild plantain; the sixth group included: purple flower wild plantain and Baoshan wild plantain 1; and Shanbasho 1 and Zhongshan Longya plantain were each classified as a group. 【Conclusion】 Twelve ISSR primers that can be used for banana classification were screened, which can effectively cluster 23 banana germplasm and cluster the above 23 banana resources into eight groups. In the eighth group, Zhongshan Long Bud Banana had a bottom similarity coefficient with the other 22 banana materials, which was distantly related and richer in genetic diversity. And the similarity coefficients among other groups were high, with close kinship and similar genetic background. The use of ISSR molecular markers can effectively classify banana germplasm resources with different genetic backgrounds and morphological characteristics, which can provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent research on high-yield and disease-resistant crossbreeding of banana. |
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