| 刘明欣,王晗,申济源,杨胜男,陈厚彬,苏钻贤.不同末次梢成熟期‘桂味’荔枝叶片营养及成花坐果差异[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(4): |
| 不同末次梢成熟期‘桂味’荔枝叶片营养及成花坐果差异 |
| Differences in Leaf Nutrition, Flower Formation and Fruit Setting of ‘Guiwei’ Litchi at Different Last Shoots Maturity Stages |
| 投稿时间：2024-04-21 修订日期：2024-06-21 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 荔枝 枝梢成熟期 叶片营养 成花 坐果 |
| 英文关键词:Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Shoot maturity stage Leaf nutrition Flowering Fruit setting |
| 基金项目:粤西特色亚热带水果种质创新与新品种培育技术研究与应用（2021B0707010004）；乡村振兴战略专项资金（农业科技能力提升）项目（2024TS-2-2）；财政部农业农村部国家现代农业技术体系建设项目基金(CRAS-32) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】研究不同末次梢成熟期对‘桂味’荔枝叶片营养及成花坐果的影响。【方法】在两个时期对‘桂味’荔枝末端枝梢短截+喷施400 ppm乙烯利和60 ppm烯效唑处理，对照不做处理。测定叶片SPAD值变化、枝梢生长情况、成花坐果情况，N、P、K、Ga、Mg、叶绿素、硝态氮、蛋白质含量在不同生长发育阶段的变化，以及成熟果实的品质。【结果】末次梢分别于9月12日、10月14日、11月21日（对照）成熟。成熟期越早，枝梢质量越好，叶片SPAD值和叶绿素a、b含量越高。开花前（2021年2月5日），枝梢成熟期较早的叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg、蛋白质含量较高，硝态氮含量较低。【结论】成熟期早的枝梢叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg及蛋白质含量较高，硝态氮含量较低，成花生物学效应更好，末次秋梢在10月中旬前成熟时，成花率达95%，单果重17 g以上，成熟期为10月14日的最终坐果量最高，达350±39 a个。末次梢较晚老熟的枝梢，叶片未出现褪绿，叶片硝态氮含量更高，树体可能更趋于营养生长。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 【Objective】To study the effects of different last shoot maturity on leaf nutrition, flower formation and fruit setting of ‘Guiwei’ litchi. 【Methods】The last mature shoots of ‘Guiwei’ litchi were heading-back pruned then treated with 400 ppm ethephon and 60 ppm uniconazole in two periods. The control shoots received no treatment. The changes of leaf SPAD value, shoot growth, flower setting, N, P, K, Ga, Mg, chlorophyll, nitrate nitrogen and protein contents at different growth and development stages, as well as the quality of ripe fruits were measured. 【Results】The last shoots reached maturity on September 12, October 14 and November 21 (control). The earlier the shoot matured, the better the quality, and the higher SPAD value and the content of chlorophyll a and b of leaves. Before flowering (February 5, 2021), leaves with earlier shoot maturity stage had higher N, P, K, Ca, Mg, protein content and lower nitrate nitrogen content. 【Conclusion】The leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg and protein contents were higher and the nitrate nitrogen content was lower, and the flowering biological effect was better. When the last autumn shoot matured before mid-October, the flowering rate reached 95%, the single fruit weight was more than 17 g, and the final fruit set amount reached 350±39 a at the maturity stage on October 14. In the shoots with late mature, the leaves did not appear chlorosis, the leaf nitrate nitrogen content was higher, and the tree may be more inclined to vegetative growth. |
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