| 柳建伟.几种生物功能肥对苹果叶部病害的防效及对苹果的安全性观察[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(2): |
| 几种生物功能肥对苹果叶部病害的防效及对苹果的安全性观察 |
| Efficacy of several biological functional fertilizer on apple leaf diseases and the safety observation of apples |
| 投稿时间：2024-04-19 修订日期：2024-05-16 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20240201 |
| 中文关键词: 生物功能肥 苹果 叶部病害 安全性 叶面喷施 防治效果 |
| 英文关键词:biological functional fertilizer apple leaf diseases safety foliar spray efficacy |
| 基金项目:甘肃省陇原青年英才项目资助（甘人社通[2023]142号）；平凉市科技计划项目（平科任[2021] 23号）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 苹果黑星病、斑点落叶病和锈病是严重危害苹果生产的叶部病害，本研究旨在探索苹果叶部病害的绿色防治技术，采用大田试验的方法比较了叶面喷施6种生物功能肥和非农药化合物亚磷酸钾对靶标病害的防治效果及其对苹果的安全性。结果表明，对苹果黑星病的防治，黄腐酸钙钾、亚磷酸钾末次药后15 d和30 d防效均达到73%和98%以上，控制作用显著；对苹果斑点落叶病的防治，糖醇钙、亚磷酸钾末次药后15 d和30 d防效为66.67%~74.35%，控制作用较好且稳定；对苹果锈病的防治，各处理末次药后15 d、30 d防效为8.75%~33.96%和9.11%~42.75%，控制作用不明显；观察发现各处理对苹果叶片、枝梢及果实未产生不良影响，均无药害发生，但在叶片薄厚，果实均匀度及树势表现上有差异。筛选出的生物功能肥能够有效控制苹果黑星病和斑点落叶病的发生，且对苹果的生长发育安全，同时可提高苹果树抗病性，减少化学农药使用，在苹果叶部病害的绿色防控中具有较大应用潜力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Apple scab, apple alternaria blotch and apple rust are leaf diseases that affect apple production seriously. This study aims to explore green control techniques for apple leaf diseases. Compared the efficacy of six biological functional fertilizers and potassium phosphite in controlling target diseases and their safety for apples through foliar spray. Results showed that fulvic acid calcium potassium and potassium phosphite significantly controlled apple scab with efficacy above 73% and 98% at 15 days and 30 days post-treatment, respectively. The control of apple alternaria blotch with sugar alcohol calcium and potassium phosphonate showed an efficacy between 66.67% and 74.35% at 15 days and 30 days after the final application, indicated a good and stable control effect. The control of apple rust was less effective, with efficacy ranged from 8.75% to 33.96% at 15 days and 9.11% to 42.75% at 30 days post-treatment. It was observed that all treatments were safe for apple leaves, branches, and fruits, with no phytotoxicity observed, while differences were noted in leaf thickness, fruit uniformity, and tree vigor. The biological functional fertilizer identified in this study can control the occurrence of apple scab and alternaria blotch effectively, and were safe for the growth and development of apples, enhanced the disease resistance of apple trees, and reduce the use of chemical fungicides, showed great potential for green control of apple leaf diseases. |
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