| 寸海春,何鹏搏,何鹏飞,吴毅歆,Shahzad MUNIR,唐 萍,孔宝华,张慧,何月秋.苹果根腐病拮抗细菌的筛选鉴定及生防作用[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(2): |
| 苹果根腐病拮抗细菌的筛选鉴定及生防作用 |
| Screening Identification and Biocontrol Effect of Antagonistic Bacteria against Apple root rot |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-19 修订日期：2024-07-29 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20240137 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果根腐病 褐座坚壳菌 解淀粉芽孢杆菌 生物防治 |
| 英文关键词:root rot of apple Rosellinia necatrix Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biological control |
| 基金项目:云南省重大科技专项计划“云南高原特色经济作物专用生物肥料创制及产业化应用”项目（202202AE090025） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了绿色、有效地防控苹果根腐病，本文采用稀释涂板法分离苹果根际细菌，以苹果根腐病病原菌褐座坚壳菌做指示菌，筛选抑菌菌株，并做潜力菌株S-25室内防病试验和菌株鉴定。结果表明，从苹果根际中分离到68株细菌，其中17株能抑制苹果根腐病菌--褐座坚壳菌的生长，其中菌株S-25能定殖于苹果枝条。该菌株对引起苹果病害的病原菌腐皮镰刀菌、葡萄座腔菌及黑腐皮壳菌的抑菌率达到50%以上，对生长速度较快的玉米纹枯病菌的抑菌率仍能达到48.89%。根据形态特征及gyrA、16S rRNA和rpoB多基因序列分析结果，S-25为解淀粉芽孢杆菌。S-25施用12个月后，预防根腐病效果61.11%，治疗根腐病效果27.78%，表明提前施用S-25能更好地防控苹果根腐病。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, the potential bacterial strain was isolated from apple rhizosphere that can effectively contol apple root rot disease, and here we used the apple root rot pathogen Rosellinia necatrix as the indicator fungus to screen possible antibacterial strains. Initial results showed that a total of 68 bacteria isolated from the apple rhizosphere were tested against the R. necatrix and 17 strains were able to inhibit its growth with best biocontrol ability of strain S-25. The most potential biocontrol strain S-25 was further tested for in vitro disease prevention. The strain S-25 effectively achieved 50% inhibition rate against several apple pathogens including Fusarium solani, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Valsa mali and the inhibition rate was slightly lower to 48.89% for maize sheath blight pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani. Morphological characteristics and using phylogenetic analysis involving three genes gyrA, 16S rRNA, and rpoB suggested that strain S-25 belongs to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The potential biocontrol strain S-25 was tested for one year against apple root rot and we found that the prevention and control effect was 61.11% and 27.78% respectively, indicating that early prevention against apple root rot disease could be achieved with early application of biocontrol strain S-25. |
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