| 林凤昌,梁荫泉,罗慧,罗俊奇,李秋萍,李界秋,方中斌,黄丞珏.杧果老龄郁闭低产园改造前后树冠、光照和产量对比[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(2): |
| 杧果老龄郁闭低产园改造前后树冠、光照和产量对比 |
| Comparison of crown, light and yield of aged - closed – low yield mango garden before and after reconstruction |
| 投稿时间：2024-02-23 修订日期：2024-03-18 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20240095 |
| 中文关键词: 老龄郁闭低产园 改造 树冠 光照 产量 |
| 英文关键词:Aged - closed - low yield garden Reconstruction Crown Light Yield |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 917 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探寻杧果老龄郁闭低产园简单易行、见效快、效果好的改造方法，开展了以重构树冠骨架结构和树冠控高控宽为改造方法的老龄杧果郁闭低产园改造前后树冠、光照和产量对比试验。结果表明：株高由改造前的4.98m下降到2.74m，下降45.0%；行向和株向冠径由改造前的6.93m和5.86m分别减缩到5.54m和4.56m进而使行间和株间由改造前分别相互交叉1.03m和0.96m转变到行间和株间分别产生0.46m和0.44m的空隔；枝条数量由改造前的569.7条减少到239.0条，减少58.9%；叶幕层由改造前的2.96m缩减到1.57m，减少47.0%；树冠下、中层光照强度改善明显，下、中、上层光照强度分别提高145.1%、36.5%、1.9%。改造后第1年产量1009.7 kg/666.7m2，不存在因改造而出现“空窗期”的问题；第2至第5年平均产量为1547.3 kg/666.7m2；优质果率74.8%、商品果率95.3%。可见，该改造方法达到了降树高、缩树形、减重叠、透光照和丰产稳产目的，见效快、效果好，配套关键技术适宜，是杧果老龄郁闭低产园改造确实可行方法。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore a simple, quickly and effective reconstruction method of aged - closed- low yield mango garden, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the comparison of crown, light and yield of aged - closed- low yield mango garden before and after reconstructing crown skeleton structure and controlling height and width. Results showed that: The height was decreased from 4.98 m before reconstruction to 2.74 m, which was decreased by 45.0%, The radial- crown diameter and direction -crown diameter reduced from 6.93 m and 5.86 m to 5.54 m and 4.56 m, respectively, so the between rows and plants from intercrossed by 1.03m and 0.96m to having partition by 0.46m and 0.44m, respectively. The branches decreased from 569.7 to 239.0, which was decreased by 58.9%. The leaf curtain layer was reduced from 2.96m to 1.57m, which was reduced by 47.0%. The light intensity in the lower, middle and upper crown was improved by 145.1%, 36.5% and 1.9%, respectively. The yield of first year was 1009.7 kg /666.7m2 after reconstruction, and there was no problem of "empty window period", the average yield in the 2nd to 5th years was 1547.3kg /666.7m2, the high quality fruit rate was 74.8% and the commodity fruit rate was 95.3%. Therefore, the reconstruction method achieved purpose of reducing mango height, shrinking shape, reducing overlap, transparent light and high - stable yield, that is a feasible way to renovate aged - closed – low yield mango garden with quick - good effect and suitable matching key technology. |
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