| 谢小波,尹君前,张光星,鲍旭飞.茶树-槜李间作栽培模式对茶叶与槜李果实品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2025,54(2): |
| 茶树-槜李间作栽培模式对茶叶与槜李果实品质的影响 |
| Effects on the qualities of both tea and fruits by different cultivation models of Zui Li plum (Prunus salicina) intercropped in tea garden |
| 投稿时间：2024-02-19 修订日期：2024-04-08 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20240089 |
| 中文关键词: 茶园套种 槜李 槜李-茶树间作 茶叶品质 果实品质 |
| 英文关键词:Intercropping in tea garden Zuili Plum (Prunus salicina) Zuili plum-tea intercropping Tea quality Fruit quality |
| 基金项目:浙江省基础公益研究计划(LGN21C150006); 浙江省农业(果品)新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C12066-4); 浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划(2024SNJF022) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为提高茶园综合收益，在不影响茶叶生产前提下，同时收获槜李果品，实施了茶园套种槜李试验。槜李品种为‘名媛’和‘醉贵妃’，采用稀植方法，行距×株距为10.0 m×8.0~10.0 m。设计了两种套种模式，一种是槜李树种植在茶树中间，施肥管理与茶树一致；另一种是将槜李树隔出约1.5 m的半径范围，在槜李结果期对槜李树进行独立施肥管理。试验结果表明，槜李树阴下与非树阴下春茶品质各项指标没有显著差异，但槜李树下的茶树枝条腋芽数显著减少，减少幅度为23.9%；与茶树一致施肥的槜李果实品质显著低于独立施肥果实品质，‘名媛’与‘醉贵妃’的可溶性固形物含量分别为独立施肥模式的0.858倍和0.813倍，裂果率则分别是独立施肥模式的8.01倍与7.03倍。初步试验表明，茶园适宜与槜李套种，但需将挂果的槜李树与茶树分开施肥，槜李树独立施肥半径可在1.5 m以上，肥料以有机肥（如腐熟菜籽饼）为主，以控制氮肥过量吸收。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Zuili is one famous local plum variety (Prunus salicina L.) with an elite taste and a very old planting history which has been grown more than 2500 years. To increase the revenue of tea garden without affecting its production and to harvest both tea and fruits, an experiment was carried out with Zuili plum as the intercropping fruit tree in a tea garden. Two Zuili plum cultivars ‘Zui Gui Fei’ and ‘Ming Yuan’ was chosen in the study. The growing density of Zuili plum was about 6~8 trees per 666.7 m2 tea garden with row spacing ? plant spacing of 10.0 m ? 8.0~10.0 m. Two intercropping models were designed on the characteristics of Zuili plum to nutrition requirement when it entered fruiting stage. One was to plant the Zuili plum trees in the middle of tea trees, and the fertilization management was consistent with tea trees. Another model was that Zuili plum trees were fertilized independently by circling the Zuili plum trees using a plastic sheet. The radium of circled plot was about 1.5 m. The height of the plastic sheet was about 50.0 cm, and half of the plastic sheet was buried under ground to prevent Zuili plum tree absorbing extra nutrients. Results showed that no significant difference was detected for the processed spring tea quality between under shade and no shade condition of Zuili plum trees, but the axillary bud number on tea branches under Zuili plum trees was significantly decreased by 23.9%. The quality of Zuili plum fruits fertilized being coincident with tea trees significantly decreased compared to independent fertilization. Under coincident fertilizing model, the soluble solid content of ‘Mingyuan’ and ’Zuiguifei’ was 0.858 times and 0.813 times, respectively of that under independent fertilizing model, and their cracking rate being 8.01 times and 7.03 times, respectively of that under independent fertilizing model. No significant difference was observed for the fruit quality of Zuili plum between the independent fertilizing model and adapting conventional planting method. A preliminary conclusion was that tea gardens are suitable for intercropping with Zuili plum, but after fruiting, Zuili plum trees should be fertilized separately from tea trees. The independent fertilization radius of Zuili plums could be above 1.5 m, and organic fertilizers such as decomposed rapeseed cakes with oil being extracted should be used as the main fertilizer for controlling extra N nutrient absorbing. |
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