| 唐涛,文思捷,柴佳琪,师永林,孙玉翠,赵鑫,贺熙勇,申建波.澳洲坚果的根际土壤养分活化与植物营养规律研究进展[J].中国南方果树,2024,53(6): |
| 澳洲坚果的根际土壤养分活化与植物营养规律研究进展 |
| Research progress on rhizosphere soil nutrient activation and plant nutrition of macadamia |
| 投稿时间：2023-09-12 修订日期：2023-10-19 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 澳洲坚果 营养规律 养分活化 排根 根际调控 |
| 英文关键词:Macadamia Plant nutrition pattern Nutrient activation Cluster root Rhizosphere regulation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(32130094)、海南省自然科学基金创新研究团队项目(321CXTD443)；云南省科技厅项目(202102AE090053,YSZJGZZ-2022034)、云天化股份有限公司项目(YTH-4320-WB-FW-2021-031303-00)、云南省盈江县澳洲坚果产业科技特派团(202104B1090004)资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 澳洲坚果(Macadamia spp.)起源于养分极端贫瘠的土壤环境。我国于上世纪70年代引进种植,经过多年的发展,已成为澳洲坚果种植面积最大的国家。但长期以来,对澳洲坚果植物营养规律与根际过程认识不足限制了我国澳洲坚果的高产优质生产。本文全面阐述澳洲坚果植物营养规律研究进展,分析了低磷诱导的排根形成与根际养分活化过程。提出面向澳洲坚果优质高产的根际调控原理与技术途径,包括：1.局部施肥调控；2.控制养分施用总量；3.养分形态优化配伍。进而优化澳洲坚果的根际环境,促进排根发育和柠檬酸阴离子分泌,强化根际效应激发和根-肥互馈增效作用,提高澳洲坚果产量与品质,以期为澳洲坚果产业的绿色可持续发展提供理论和技术支撑。坚果的高产优质依赖于对树木营养特性的解析和优化施肥策略,探明叶片营养水平与产量、品质的关联,建立系统性的诊断标准以及探明田间适宜的临界供磷水平将是实现澳洲坚果养分精准管理的关键,也是未来研究的重点方向。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Macadamia (Macadamia spp.) originate in soil environments with extremely poor nutrients. China introduced planting in the 1970s, and after years of development, it has become the country with the largest planting area of macadamia nuts. But for a long time, the lack of understanding of plant nutrition and rhizosphere process of macadamia nut limited the high yield and quality production of macadamia in China. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of plant nutrition of macadamia, and analyzed the process of root formation and rhizosphere nutrient activation induced by low phosphorus. The principles and technical approaches of rhizosphere regulation for high quality and high yield of macadamia were proposed, including: 1. Local fertilization control; 2. Control the total amount of nutrient application; 3. Nutrient form optimization and compatibility. Further, the rhizosphere environment of macadamia was optimized to promote cluster root development and citric acid anion secretion, strengthen rhizosphere effect stimulation and root-fertilizer mutual feed synergism, and improve the yield and quality of macadamia, with a view to providing theoretical and technical support for the green and sustainable development of macadamia industry. The high yield and quality of nuts depend on the analysis of nutritional characteristics of trees and the optimization of fertilization strategies. To identify the correlation between leaf nutrient level and yield and quality, establish systematic diagnostic criteria and identify the appropriate critical phosphorus supply level in fields will be the key to achieve accurate nutrient management of macadamia, and will also be the focus of future research. |
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