| 胡小国,王梅琳,李国敏,龚泽枰.设施栽培集成技术对美都西瓜农艺性状和经济效益的影响[J].中国果业信息,2026,43(3): |
| 设施栽培集成技术对美都西瓜农艺性状和经济效益的影响 |
| Impact of Integrated Facility Cultivation Techniques on Agronomic Traits and Economic Benefits of 'Meidu' Watermelon |
| 投稿时间：2025-12-23 修订日期：2026-01-14 |
| DOI：10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.X20250564 |
| 中文关键词: 西瓜；设施栽培；水肥一体化；绿色防控；经济效益；正安县 |
| 英文关键词:watermelon; facility cultivation; integrated water and fertilizer management; green pest control; economic benefits; Zheng'an County |
| 基金项目:2025年度贵州省基层农技推广体系改革与建设项目（黔农办发〔2025〕7号） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘 要：为探究西瓜设施栽培集成技术对西瓜的农艺性状和经济效益的影响，以“美都”西瓜为材料，在贵州省正安县开展设施栽培（集成水肥一体化与绿色防控）和常规露地栽培对比试验，系统比较二者在植株生长、物候期、产量品质、病虫害发生及经济效益上的差异。结果表明：设施栽培显著促进了西瓜营养生长，全生育期缩短15天，亩产达4446.72 kg，增产20.8%；果实中心糖度提升至13.2%，商品果率提高11个百分点；病虫害发生率平均降低50%以上，农药使用次数减少5次；亩纯收益为4393.44元，较常规栽培增幅81.2%，投入产出比为1:1.98。集成水肥一体化与绿色防控的设施栽培模式能显著提升黔北山区西瓜的生产效率、果实品质与经济收益，是适宜推广的现代化栽培模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract:?To investigate the effects of integrated greenhouse cultivation techniques on agronomic traits and economic benefits of watermelon, using the 'Meidu' watermelon variety, a comparative experiment was set up in Zheng'an County, Guizhou Province, comparing facility cultivation (integrating water-fertilizer integration and green pest control) with conventional open-field cultivation. The differences in plant growth, phenological periods, yield, quality, pest and disease occurrence, and economic benefits were systematically analyzed. The results showed that facility cultivation significantly promoted the vegetative growth of watermelon plants, shortened the total growth period by 15 days, and achieved a yield of 4446.72 kg per mu, representing a 20.8% increase. The fruit core sweetness (Brix) increased to 13.2%, and the marketable fruit rate rose by 11 percentage points. The incidence of pests and diseases decreased by an average of over 50%, with 5 fewer pesticide applications. The net income per mu reached 4393.44 RMB, an 81.2% increase compared to conventional cultivation, with an input-output ratio of 1:1.98. The facility cultivation model integrating water-fertilizer integration and green pest control can significantly enhance production efficiency, fruit quality, and economic benefits for watermelon cultivation in the mountainous areas of northern Guizhou, demonstrating it is a suitable modern cultivation model for promotion. |
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